Journal ArticleDOI
Executive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: a review.
TLDR
This review discusses how executive deficits relate to pathology in specific territories of the basal ganglia, consider the impact of dopaminergic treatment on executive function (EF) in this context, and review the changes in EFs with disease progression.Abstract:
Executive dysfunction can be present from the early stages of Parkinson's disease (PD). It is characterized by deficits in internal control of attention, set shifting, planning, inhibitory control, dual task performance, and on a range of decision-making and social cognition tasks. Treatment with dopaminergic medication has variable effects on executive deficits, improving some, leaving some unchanged, and worsening others. In this review, we start by defining the specific nature of executive dysfunction in PD and describe suitable neuropsychological tests. We then discuss how executive deficits relate to pathology in specific territories of the basal ganglia, consider the impact of dopaminergic treatment on executive function (EF) in this context, and review the changes in EFs with disease progression. In later sections, we summarize correlates of executive dysfunction in PD with motor performance (e.g., postural instability, freezing of gait) and a variety of psychiatric (e.g., depression, apathy) and other clinical symptoms, and finally discuss the implications of these for the patients' daily life.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
A fronto–striato–subthalamic–pallidal network for goal-directed and habitual inhibition
TL;DR: It is suggested that imbalance between goal-directed and habitual action and inhibition contributes to some manifestations of Parkinson's disease, Tourette syndrome and obsessive–compulsive disorder and is proposed that basal ganglia surgery improves these disorders by restoring a functional balance between facilitation and inhibition.
Journal ArticleDOI
Parkinson's disease dementia: a neural networks perspective
TL;DR: It is argued that Parkinson’s disease dementia reflects dysfunction in seven distinct brain networks, with implications for therapeutic approaches.
Journal ArticleDOI
Techniques and Methods for Testing the Postural Function in Healthy and Pathological Subjects.
Thierry Paillard,Frédéric Noé +1 more
TL;DR: The aim of this review was to present and justify the different testing techniques and methods with their different quantitative and qualitative variables to make it possible to precisely evaluate each sensory, central, and motor component of the postural function according to the experiment protocol under consideration.
Journal ArticleDOI
Neuromechanical Principles Underlying Movement Modularity and Their Implications for Rehabilitation
Lena H. Ting,Lena H. Ting,Hillel J. Chiel,Randy D. Trumbower,Randy D. Trumbower,Jessica L. Allen,J. Lucas McKay,Madeleine E. Hackney,Trisha M. Kesar,Trisha M. Kesar +9 more
TL;DR: It is proposed that motor module organization is disrupted and may be improved by therapy in spinal cord injury, stroke, and Parkinson's disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
Network connectivity determines cortical thinning in early Parkinson’s disease progression
Yvonne H. C. Yau,Yashar Zeighami,Travis E. Baker,Travis E. Baker,Kevin Larcher,Uku Vainik,Uku Vainik,Mahsa Dadar,Vladimir S. Fonov,Patric Hagmann,Alessandra Griffa,Bratislav Misic,D.L. Collins,Alain Dagher +13 more
TL;DR: It is found that cortical thinning followed neural connectivity from a “disease reservoir” in Parkinson’s disease patients, suggesting that disease propagation to the cortex in PD follows neuronal connectivity and that disease spread to the cerebral cortex may herald the onset of cognitive impairment.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Set-shifting aptitude in parkinson's disease: external versus internal cues
TL;DR: Findings indicated that the model of ‘Supervisory Attentional System’ may not be sufficient to explain the data as Brown and Marsden (1988) originally suggested.
Journal ArticleDOI
Everyday cognitive failures and memory problems in Parkinson’s patients without dementia
TL;DR: Self-report questionnaires indicate that PD patients make more of specific types of error, and analysis suggests that some of these errors are related to attentional processes (being more distractible) whereas others arerelated to retrieval processes ( being unable to recall important details from the previous day).
Journal ArticleDOI
Brief cognitive assessment in the early stages of Parkinson disease.
Paulo Bugalho,José Vale +1 more
TL;DR: The results suggest that these brief bedside tests are useful for cognitive deficit screening in the early stages of PD, as compared to a healthy control population.
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Efficacy of rivastigmine on executive function in patients with Parkinson's disease dementia.
TL;DR: Rivastigmine was associated with significant improvements over placebo on EF tests evaluating flexibility of thinking, problem solving and planning in patients with PDD, which support the hypothesis that rivastIGmine may affect frontal subcortical circuits, which potentially contributes to observed clinical improvement associated with EF.
Journal ArticleDOI
Early-stage cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease and the influence of dopamine replacement therapy.
TL;DR: The cognitive profile of newly diagnosed untreated patients with Parkinson’s disease and more advanced, treated patients are established and the effects of dopamine replacement therapy are determined.