Journal ArticleDOI
Focus on genetic and epigenetic events of colorectal cancer pathogenesis: implications for molecular diagnosis
Federica Zoratto,Luigi Rossi,Monica Verrico,Anselmo Papa,Enrico Basso,Angelo Zullo,Luigi Tomao,Adriana Romiti,Giuseppe Lo Russo,Silverio Tomao +9 more
TLDR
This review summarizes the most investigated biomolecular pathways involved in CRC pathogenesis, their role as biomarkers for early CRC diagnosis and their possible use to stratify susceptible patients into appropriate screening or surveillance programs.Abstract:
Originally, colorectal cancer (CRC) tumorigenesis was understood as a multistep process that involved accumulation of tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes mutations, such as APC, TP53 and KRAS. However, this assumption proposed a relatively limited repertoire of genetic alterations. In the last decade, there have been major advances in knowledge of multiple molecular pathways involved in CRC pathogenesis, particularly regarding cytogenetic and epigenetic events. Microsatellite instability, chromosomal instability and CpG island methylator phenotype are the most analyzed cytogenetic changes, while DNA methylation, modifications in histone proteins and microRNAs (miRNAs) were analyzed in the field of epigenetic alterations. Therefore, CRC development results from interactions at many levels between genetic and epigenetic amendments. Furthermore, hereditary cancer syndrome and individual or environmental risk factors should not be ignored. The difficulties in this setting are addressed to understand the molecular basis of individual susceptibility to CRC and to determine the roles of genetic and epigenetic alterations, in order to yield more effective prevention strategies in CRC patients and directing their treatment. This review summarizes the most investigated biomolecular pathways involved in CRC pathogenesis, their role as biomarkers for early CRC diagnosis and their possible use to stratify susceptible patients into appropriate screening or surveillance programs.read more
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Effects of supplemental calcium and vitamin D on the APC/β-catenin pathway in the normal colorectal mucosa of colorectal adenoma patients.
Siyu Liu,Elizabeth L. Barry,John A. Baron,John A. Baron,Robin E. Rutherford,March E. Seabrook,Roberd M. Bostick +6 more
TL;DR: It is supported that vitamin D, alone or in combination with calcium, may modify APC, β‐catenin, and E‐cadherin expression in humans in directions hypothesized to reduce risk for colorectal neoplasms.
Journal ArticleDOI
TFPI2 and NDRG4 gene promoter methylation analysis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells are novel epigenetic noninvasive biomarkers for colorectal cancer diagnosis
Hadi Bagheri,Meysam Mosallaei,Bahram Bagherpour,Sharifeh Khosravi,Ahmad Reza Salehi,Rasoul Salehi +5 more
TL;DR: It is revealed thatPBMCs are reliable sources of methylation analysis for CRC screening and TFPI2 and NDRG4 genes are providing high enough sensitivity and specificity to be nominated as novel noninvasive CRC screening in PBMCs.
Journal Article
Histone modifiers and marks define heterogeneous groups of colorectal carcinomas and affect responses to HDAC inhibitors in vitro
Lisa Lutz,Ingrid Coutiño Fitzner,Theresa D. Ahrens,Anna-Lena Geißler,Frank Makowiec,Ulrich T. Hopt,Lioudmila Bogatyreva,Dieter Hauschke,Martin Werner,Silke Lassmann +9 more
TL;DR: Inter- and intra-tumoral heterogeneity of histone marks and HDAC expression in CRCs is revealed, reflected by diverse HDACi responses in vitro, which do not follow known modes of action.
Journal ArticleDOI
Contactin 1: A potential therapeutic target and biomarker in gastric cancer
TL;DR: The current evidence reveals that the functions of CNTN1 in the development and progression of cancer likely promote the invasion and metastasis of cancer cells via the VEGFC/FLT4 axis, the RHOA-dependent pathway, the Notch signaling pathway and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition progression.
Journal ArticleDOI
Integrative analysis of the colorectal cancer proteome: potential clinical impact.
Abdo Alnabulsi,Graeme I. Murray +1 more
TL;DR: The need for biomarkers is highlighted and recent proteomics discoveries in the aspects of CRC clinical practice including diagnosis, prognosis, therapy, screening and molecular pathological epidemiology (MPE) are discussed.
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