Journal ArticleDOI
Focus on genetic and epigenetic events of colorectal cancer pathogenesis: implications for molecular diagnosis
Federica Zoratto,Luigi Rossi,Monica Verrico,Anselmo Papa,Enrico Basso,Angelo Zullo,Luigi Tomao,Adriana Romiti,Giuseppe Lo Russo,Silverio Tomao +9 more
TLDR
This review summarizes the most investigated biomolecular pathways involved in CRC pathogenesis, their role as biomarkers for early CRC diagnosis and their possible use to stratify susceptible patients into appropriate screening or surveillance programs.Abstract:
Originally, colorectal cancer (CRC) tumorigenesis was understood as a multistep process that involved accumulation of tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes mutations, such as APC, TP53 and KRAS. However, this assumption proposed a relatively limited repertoire of genetic alterations. In the last decade, there have been major advances in knowledge of multiple molecular pathways involved in CRC pathogenesis, particularly regarding cytogenetic and epigenetic events. Microsatellite instability, chromosomal instability and CpG island methylator phenotype are the most analyzed cytogenetic changes, while DNA methylation, modifications in histone proteins and microRNAs (miRNAs) were analyzed in the field of epigenetic alterations. Therefore, CRC development results from interactions at many levels between genetic and epigenetic amendments. Furthermore, hereditary cancer syndrome and individual or environmental risk factors should not be ignored. The difficulties in this setting are addressed to understand the molecular basis of individual susceptibility to CRC and to determine the roles of genetic and epigenetic alterations, in order to yield more effective prevention strategies in CRC patients and directing their treatment. This review summarizes the most investigated biomolecular pathways involved in CRC pathogenesis, their role as biomarkers for early CRC diagnosis and their possible use to stratify susceptible patients into appropriate screening or surveillance programs.read more
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DNA Methylation Biomarkers: Cancer and Beyond
Thomas Mikeska,Jeffrey M. Craig +1 more
TL;DR: The current state of play for DNA methylation biomarkers is reviewed, the barriers that must be crossed on the way to implementation in a clinical setting are discussed, and their future use for human disease is predicted.
Journal ArticleDOI
Promoter Hypermethylation of Tumour Suppressor Genes as Potential Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer
Jennifer Mun-Kar Ng,Jun Yu +1 more
TL;DR: DNA methylation represents one of the largest bodies of literature in epigenetics, and hence has the highest potential for minimally invasive biomarker development.
Journal ArticleDOI
Integrative analysis of exogenous, endogenous, tumour and immune factors for precision medicine.
Shuji Ogino,Jonathan A. Nowak,Tsuyoshi Hamada,Amanda I. Phipps,Ulrike Peters,Danny A. Milner,Edward Giovannucci,Reiko Nishihara,Marios Giannakis,Wendy S. Garrett,Mingyang Song +10 more
TL;DR: The integrated immunology-MPE model can contribute to better understanding of environment-tumour-immune interactions, and effective immunoprevention and immunotherapy strategies for precision medicine.
Journal ArticleDOI
miR-19a promotes colorectal cancer proliferation and migration by targeting TIA1.
Yanqing Liu,Rui Liu,Fei Yang,Rongjie Cheng,Xiaorui Chen,Shufang Cui,Yuanyuan Gu,Wu Sun,Chaoying You,Zhijian Liu,Feng Sun,Yanbo Wang,Zheng Fu,Chao Ye,Chen-Yu Zhang,Jing Li,Xi Chen +16 more
TL;DR: This study highlights an oncomiR role for miR-19a in regulating TIA1 in CRC and suggests that miR -19a may be a novel molecular therapeutic target for CRC.
Journal ArticleDOI
Association of Fusobacterium nucleatum infection with colorectal cancer in Chinese patients
Yu Yuan Li,Quan Xing Ge,Jie Cao,Yong Jian Zhou,Yanlei Du,Bo Shen,Yu-Jui Yvonne Wan,Yu Qiang Nie +7 more
TL;DR: F. nucleatum was enriched in CRC tissues and associated with CRC development and metastasis and its association with CRC invasiveness in Chinese patients was observed.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
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Journal ArticleDOI
Diet, Lifestyle, and Genomic Instability in the North Carolina Colon Cancer Study
Jessie A. Satia,Temitope O. Keku,Joseph A. Galanko,Christopher Martin,Ryan T. Doctolero,Akihiro Tajima,Robert S. Sandler,John M. Carethers,John M. Carethers +8 more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Male sex and smoking have a larger impact on the prevalence of colorectal neoplasia than family history of colorectal cancer
Michael Hoffmeister,Stephanie Schmitz,Elisabeth Karmrodt,Christa Stegmaier,Ulrike Haug,Volker Arndt,Hermann Brenner +6 more
TL;DR: Male gender and smoking have a larger impact on the prevalence of colorectal neoplasia than family history, suggesting an extensive evaluation of additional risk stratification in population-based screening, particularly by sex.
Journal ArticleDOI
Crosstalk between tumor cells and microenvironment via Wnt pathway in colorectal cancer dissemination
Dan Huang,Xiang Du +1 more
TL;DR: This review will try to explain how the regulators of microenvironment, including extracellular matrix, growth factors and inflammatory factors, are associated with the activation of Wnt pathway and the mobility of tumor cells and how these molecules trigger metastasis via the Wnt pathways.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Prospective Study of Duration of Smoking Cessation and Colorectal Cancer Risk by Epigenetics-related Tumor Classification
Reiko Nishihara,Teppei Morikawa,Aya Kuchiba,Paul Lochhead,Mai Yamauchi,Xiaoyun Liao,Yu Imamura,Katsuhiko Nosho,Kaori Shima,Ichiro Kawachi,Zhi Rong Qian,Charles S. Fuchs,Andrew T. Chan,Edward Giovannucci,Shuji Ogino +14 more
TL;DR: Using duplication-method Cox proportional-hazards regression analyses, the authors examined associations between duration of smoking cessation and colorectal cancer risk according to status of CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP), microsatellite instability, v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) mutation, or DNA methyltransferase-3B (DNMT3B) expression.
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