Genome structure of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain widely used in bioethanol production
Juan Lucas Argueso,Marcelo Falsarella Carazzolle,Piotr A. Mieczkowski,Fabiana M. Duarte,Osmar Vaz De Carvalho Netto,Silvia K. Missawa,Felipe Galzerani,Gustavo G.L. Costa,Ramon O. Vidal,Melline F. Noronha,Margaret Dominska,Maria da Graça Stupiello Andrietta,Silvio Roberto Andrietta,Anderson F. Cunha,Luiz Humberto Gomes,Flavio Cesar Almeida Tavares,André Ricardo Alcarde,Fred S. Dietrich,John H. McCusker,Thomas D. Petes,Goncxalo A G Pereira +20 more
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TLDR
In this article, the authors reported the molecular genetic analysis of a PE-2 derived diploid (JAY270) and the complete genome sequence of a haploid derivative (Jay291), which is highly heterozygous (approximately 2 SNPs/kb) and has several structural polymorphisms between homologous chromosomes.Abstract:
Bioethanol is a biofuel produced mainly from the fermentation of carbohydrates derived from agricultural feedstocks by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. One of the most widely adopted strains is PE-2, a heterothallic diploid naturally adapted to the sugar cane fermentation process used in Brazil. Here we report the molecular genetic analysis of a PE-2 derived diploid (JAY270), and the complete genome sequence of a haploid derivative (JAY291). The JAY270 genome is highly heterozygous (approximately 2 SNPs/kb) and has several structural polymorphisms between homologous chromosomes. These chromosomal rearrangements are confined to the peripheral regions of the chromosomes, with breakpoints within repetitive DNA sequences. Despite its complex karyotype, this diploid, when sporulated, had a high frequency of viable spores. Hybrid diploids formed by outcrossing with the laboratory strain S288c also displayed good spore viability. Thus, the rearrangements that exist near the ends of chromosomes do not impair meiosis, as they do not span regions that contain essential genes. This observation is consistent with a model in which the peripheral regions of chromosomes represent plastic domains of the genome that are free to recombine ectopically and experiment with alternative structures. We also explored features of the JAY270 and JAY291 genomes that help explain their high adaptation to industrial environments, exhibiting desirable phenotypes such as high ethanol and cell mass production and high temperature and oxidative stress tolerance. The genomic manipulation of such strains could enable the creation of a new generation of industrial organisms, ideally suited for use as delivery vehicles for future bioenergy technologies.read more
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Technological trends, global market, and challenges of bio-ethanol production
Solange I. Mussatto,Guliano Dragone,Pedro M. R. Guimarães,João Paulo A. Silva,Livia Melo Carneiro,Inês Conceição Roberto,António A. Vicente,Lucília Domingues,José A. Teixeira +8 more
TL;DR: Some current and promising technologies for ethanol production are reviewed considering aspects related to the raw materials, processes, and engineered strains development.
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Population genomics of post-vaccine changes in pneumococcal epidemiology
Nicholas J. Croucher,Jonathan A. Finkelstein,Jonathan A. Finkelstein,Stephen I. Pelton,Patrick K. Mitchell,Grace M. Lee,Grace M. Lee,Julian Parkhill,Stephen D. Bentley,Stephen D. Bentley,William P. Hanage,Marc Lipsitch +11 more
TL;DR: Comparison of closely related isolates showed the role of transformation in facilitating capsule switching to non-vaccine serotypes and the emergence of drug resistance in the impact of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, but recombination was found to occur at significantly different rates across the species.
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The 100-genomes strains, an S. cerevisiae resource that illuminates its natural phenotypic and genotypic variation and emergence as an opportunistic pathogen
Pooja K Strope,Daniel A. Skelly,Stanislav G. Kozmin,Gayathri Mahadevan,Eric A. Stone,Paul M. Magwene,Fred S. Dietrich,John H. McCusker +7 more
TL;DR: Most phenotypic variation in S. cerevisiae strains is found to be quantitative and identified population, genotype, and phenotype associations, suggesting that copper resistance contributes to fitness in the human host.
Journal ArticleDOI
Scientific challenges of bioethanol production in Brazil
Henrique Amorim,M. L. Lopes,Juliana Velasco de Castro Oliveira,Marcos Silveira Buckeridge,Gustavo H. Goldman +4 more
TL;DR: This review provides special emphasis on the selection of new yeast strains, genetic breeding, and recombinant DNA technology, as applied to bioethanol production processes, as applications in Brazil.
Journal ArticleDOI
A High-Definition View of Functional Genetic Variation from Natural Yeast Genomes
Anders Bergström,Jared T. Simpson,Francisco Salinas,Benjamin Barré,Leopold Parts,Leopold Parts,Amin Zia,Amin Zia,Alex N. Nguyen Ba,Alan M. Moses,Edward J. Louis,Ville Mustonen,Jonas Warringer,Richard Durbin,Gianni Liti +14 more
TL;DR: It is found that genome content variation, in the form of presence or absence as well as copy number of genetic material, is higher inside S. cerevisiae than within S. paradoxus, despite genetic distances as measured in single-nucleotide polymorphisms being vastly smaller within the former species.
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