Gut Microbiota in Children Hospitalized with Oedematous and Non-Oedematous Severe Acute Malnutrition in Uganda.
Kia Hee Schultz Kristensen,Maria Wiese,Maren Johanne Heilskov Rytter,Maren Johanne Heilskov Rytter,Mustafa Özçam,Lars Hestbjerg Hansen,Hanifa Namusoke,Henrik Friis,Dennis Sandris Nielsen +8 more
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TLDR
It is indicated that non-oedematous SAM children have lower GM diversity compared to oedematic SAM children, however no clear compositional differences were identified.Abstract:
Background
Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) among children remains a major health problem in many developing countries. SAM manifests in both an oedematous and a non-oedematous form, with oedematous malnutrition in its most severe form also known as kwashiorkor. The pathogenesis of both types of malnutrition in children remains largely unknown, but gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis has recently been linked to oedematous malnutrition. In the present study we aimed to assess whether GM composition differed between Ugandan children suffering from either oedematous or non-oedematous malnutrition.
Methodology/Principal Findings
As part of an observational study among children hospitalized with SAM aged 6–24 months in Uganda, fecal samples were collected at admission. Total genomic DNA was extracted from fecal samples, and PCR amplification was performed followed by Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) and tag-encoded 16S rRNA gene-targeted high throughput amplicon sequencing. Alpha and beta diversity measures were determined along with ANOVA mean relative abundance and G-test of independence followed by comparisons between groups. Of the 87 SAM children included, 62% suffered from oedematous malnutrition, 66% were boys and the mean age was 16.1 months. GM composition was found to differ between the two groups of children as determined by DGGE (p = 0.0317) and by high-throughput sequencing, with non-oedematous children having lower GM alpha diversity (p = 0.036). However, beta diversity analysis did not reveal larger differences between the GM of children with oedematous and non-oedematous SAM (ANOSIM analysis, weighted UniFrac, R = -0.0085, p = 0.584; unweighted UniFrac, R = 0.0719, p = 0.011).
Conclusions/Significance
Our results indicate that non-oedematous SAM children have lower GM diversity compared to oedematous SAM children, however no clear compositional differences were identified.read more
Citations
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Annette Wilson,Kathryn R. Koller,Matsepo C. Ramaboli,Lucky T. Nesengani,Soeren Ocvirk,Caixia Chen,Christie A. Flanagan,Flora Sapp,Zoe T. Merritt,Faheem Bhatti,Timothy K. Thomas,Stephen J. O'Keefe,Stephen J. O'Keefe +12 more
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Maryam Tidjani Alou,Jean-Christophe Lagier,Jean-Christophe Lagier,Didier Raoult,Didier Raoult +4 more
TL;DR: Since diet has an influence on gut microbiota’s composition, nutritional disorders such as obesity, severe acute malnutrition and anorexia nervosa are linked to an alteration of the gut microbiota mirroring the physiopathology of the nutritional disorder.
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Gut microbiota alterations and dietary modulation in childhood malnutrition - The role of short chain fatty acids.
TL;DR: The gut microbiota development in the early life, gut microbiota alterations in childhood undernutrition and obesity, and whether this relationship is causal are outlined and the potential of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics for modulating the gut microbiota during childhood as a prevention and treatment strategy against under malnutrition and obesity is discussed.
References
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