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Hierarchical control of droop-controlled DC and AC microgrids — a general approach towards standardization

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TLDR
The hierarchical control derived from ISA-95 and electrical dispatching standards to endow smartness and flexibility to MGs is presented and results are provided to show the feasibility of the proposed approach.
Abstract
DC and AC Microgrids are key elements to integrate renewable and distributed energy resources as well as distributed energy storage systems. In the last years, efforts toward the standardization of these Microgrids have been made. In this sense, this paper present the hierarchical control derived from ISA-95 and electrical dispatching standards to endow smartness and flexibility to microgrids. The hierarchical control proposed consist of three levels: i) the primary control is based on the droop method, including an output impedance virtual loop; ii) the secondary control allows restoring the deviations produced by the primary control; and iii) the tertiary control manage the power flow between the microgrid and the external electrical distribution system. Results from a hierarchical-controlled microgrid are provided to show the feasibility of the proposed approach.

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI

An Integrated Security-Constrained Model-Based Dynamic Power Management Approach for Isolated Microgrids in All-Electric Ships

TL;DR: In this article, a novel integrated security-constrained model-based power management approach is proposed for isolated microgrids in all-electric ships during the normal/alert operating state.
Proceedings ArticleDOI

Real-time grid impedance estimation technique for grid-connected power converters

TL;DR: The basic idea lies in the inherent switching feature of the grid-connected power converter, which means the grid impedance can be easily estimated with no need of the intentionally injected disturbance signals anymore.
Journal ArticleDOI

Improved Design of High-Performance Controller for Voltage Control of Islanded Microgrid

TL;DR: The design of a high-performance second-order controller for voltage control of a single- and three-phase islanded microgrid under different loads and fault conditions is presented using the results of robust negative imaginary approach.
Journal ArticleDOI

Dynamic Microgrids With Self-Organized Grid-Forming Inverters in Unbalanced Distribution Feeders

TL;DR: A distributed secondary control strategy is developed in this article for distributed generators (DGs) interfaced with grid-forming inverters in unbalanced dynamic MGs by providing coordinated regulations on both positive- and negative-sequence system models.
Journal ArticleDOI

Investigations on shunt active power filter in a PV-wind-FC based hybrid renewable energy system to improve power quality using hardware-in-the-loop testing platform

TL;DR: This paper presents an intelligently controlled hybrid energy system (HES) integrated with shunt active power filter (SAPF) to address the power quality problems of the current power distribution system.
References
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Book

Power System Stability and Control

P. Kundur
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a model for the power system stability problem in modern power systems based on Synchronous Machine Theory and Modelling, and a model representation of the synchronous machine representation in stability studies.
Journal ArticleDOI

The path of the smart grid

TL;DR: The electrical power industry is undergoing rapid change as discussed by the authors, and the major drivers that will determine the speed at which such transformations will occur will be the rising cost of energy, the mass electrification of everyday life, and climate change.
Journal ArticleDOI

Defining control strategies for MicroGrids islanded operation

TL;DR: In this article, the feasibility of control strategies to be adopted for the operation of a microgrid when it becomes isolated is evaluated and the need of storage devices and load shedding strategies is evaluated.
Journal ArticleDOI

Control of parallel connected inverters in stand-alone AC supply systems

TL;DR: In this article, a control scheme for parallel-connected inverters in a standalone AC supply system is presented, which uses feedback of only those variables that can be measured locally at the inverter and does not need communication of control signals between the inverters.
Journal ArticleDOI

Output impedance design of parallel-connected UPS inverters with wireless load-sharing control

TL;DR: This paper deals with the design of the output impedance of uninterruptible power system (UPS) inverters with parallel-connection capability, and proposes novel control loops to achieve both stable output impedance and proper power balance.
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