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Journal ArticleDOI

Hierarchical control of droop-controlled DC and AC microgrids — a general approach towards standardization

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TLDR
The hierarchical control derived from ISA-95 and electrical dispatching standards to endow smartness and flexibility to MGs is presented and results are provided to show the feasibility of the proposed approach.
Abstract
DC and AC Microgrids are key elements to integrate renewable and distributed energy resources as well as distributed energy storage systems. In the last years, efforts toward the standardization of these Microgrids have been made. In this sense, this paper present the hierarchical control derived from ISA-95 and electrical dispatching standards to endow smartness and flexibility to microgrids. The hierarchical control proposed consist of three levels: i) the primary control is based on the droop method, including an output impedance virtual loop; ii) the secondary control allows restoring the deviations produced by the primary control; and iii) the tertiary control manage the power flow between the microgrid and the external electrical distribution system. Results from a hierarchical-controlled microgrid are provided to show the feasibility of the proposed approach.

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Proceedings ArticleDOI

A review of AC/DC microgrid-developments, technologies, and challenges

TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide a review of all key issues of the microgrid and proposed solutions, pros and cones of different available methods and technologies as well as areas of needed improvement for microgid applications are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI

Communication-Less Primary and Secondary Control in Inverter-Interfaced AC Microgrid: An Overview

TL;DR: Inverters in microgrids face significant challenges during their parallel operations, such as accurate power sharing, deviations in system voltage magnitude and frequency, and imbalance between generation and load demand, so centralized and distributed control techniques at the secondary control layer are needed.
Proceedings ArticleDOI

A generalized droop-control scheme for decentralized control of inverter-interfaced microgrids

TL;DR: The proposed control scheme is useful for realizing a fully decentralized control of a microgrid with improved reliability since no critical communication is needed between the main components of the system.
Journal ArticleDOI

On-Board Microgrids for the More Electric Aircraft

TL;DR: An overview of technology related to on-board microgrids for the more electric aircraft, where security of supply and power density represents the main requirements, is presented.
References
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Book

Power System Stability and Control

P. Kundur
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a model for the power system stability problem in modern power systems based on Synchronous Machine Theory and Modelling, and a model representation of the synchronous machine representation in stability studies.
Journal ArticleDOI

The path of the smart grid

TL;DR: The electrical power industry is undergoing rapid change as discussed by the authors, and the major drivers that will determine the speed at which such transformations will occur will be the rising cost of energy, the mass electrification of everyday life, and climate change.
Journal ArticleDOI

Defining control strategies for MicroGrids islanded operation

TL;DR: In this article, the feasibility of control strategies to be adopted for the operation of a microgrid when it becomes isolated is evaluated and the need of storage devices and load shedding strategies is evaluated.
Journal ArticleDOI

Control of parallel connected inverters in stand-alone AC supply systems

TL;DR: In this article, a control scheme for parallel-connected inverters in a standalone AC supply system is presented, which uses feedback of only those variables that can be measured locally at the inverter and does not need communication of control signals between the inverters.
Journal ArticleDOI

Output impedance design of parallel-connected UPS inverters with wireless load-sharing control

TL;DR: This paper deals with the design of the output impedance of uninterruptible power system (UPS) inverters with parallel-connection capability, and proposes novel control loops to achieve both stable output impedance and proper power balance.
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