Journal ArticleDOI
Human rabies: neuropathogenesis, diagnosis, and management
Thiravat Hemachudha,Gabriella Ugolini,Supaporn Wacharapluesadee,Witaya Sungkarat,Shanop Shuangshoti,Jiraporn Laothamatas +5 more
TLDR
The shorter survival of patients with furious rabies compared with those with paralytic rabies closely corresponds to the greater amount of virus and lower immune response in the CNS of Patients with the furious form.Abstract:
Rabies is an almost invariably fatal disease that can present as classic furious rabies or paralytic rabies. Recovery has been reported in only a few patients, most of whom were infected with bat rabies virus variants, and has been associated with promptness of host immune response and spontaneous (immune) virus clearance. Viral mechanisms that have evolved to minimise damage to the CNS but enable the virus to spread might explain why survivors have overall good functional recovery. The shorter survival of patients with furious rabies compared with those with paralytic rabies closely corresponds to the greater amount of virus and lower immune response in the CNS of patients with the furious form. Rabies virus is present in the CNS long before symptom onset: subclinical anterior horn cell dysfunction and abnormal brain MRI in patients with furious rabies are evident days before brain symptoms develop. How the virus produces its devastating effects and how it selectively impairs behaviour in patients with furious rabies and the peripheral nerves of patients with paralytic rabies is beginning to be understood. However, to develop a pragmatic treatment strategy, a thorough understanding of the neuropathogenetic mechanisms is needed.read more
Citations
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Dogs that develop rabies post-vaccination usually manifest the paralytic subtype.
Veera Tepsumethanon,Wanlop Likitsuntonwong,Paul S. Thorner,Paul S. Thorner,Shanop Shuangshoti +4 more
TL;DR: A study of 36 rabid dogs with obtainable vaccination history, presenting to The Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, Bangkok, Thailand during 2002-2008 is reported to postulate partial immune response in the vaccinated dogs might influence rabies to manifest as the paralytic type.
Journal ArticleDOI
Innate Immune Signaling and Role of Glial Cells in Herpes Simplex Virus- and Rabies Virus-Induced Encephalitis
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compare the innate immune responses of glial cells in RABV-and HSV-infected CNS, highlighting different viral strategies of neuroprotection or Neuroinflamm.
Journal ArticleDOI
Canine rabies control and human exposure 1951-2015, Guangzhou, China.
TL;DR: Increased cooperation on rabies control between civil organizations in Guangzhou over decades was associated with a marked decrease in the number of human rabies cases, and the Guangzhou experience could provide guidance for other cities experiencing similar rabies epidemics.
Journal ArticleDOI
mRNA vaccines: A novel weapon to control infectious diseases
TL;DR: An overview of current clinical trials of those vaccines in the prevention of infectious diseases and the underlying mechanisms of mRNA vaccines are discussed, including the double-edged sword of the innate immune response.
Journal ArticleDOI
Neuroimmune Regulation of JC Virus by Intracellular and Extracellular Agnoprotein.
TL;DR: Results have revealed a novel immunomodulatory function of agnoprotein during JCV infection within the CNS and open a new avenue of research to better understand the mechanisms associated with JCV reactivation in patients who are at risk of developing PML.
References
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