Journal ArticleDOI
Human rabies: neuropathogenesis, diagnosis, and management
Thiravat Hemachudha,Gabriella Ugolini,Supaporn Wacharapluesadee,Witaya Sungkarat,Shanop Shuangshoti,Jiraporn Laothamatas +5 more
TLDR
The shorter survival of patients with furious rabies compared with those with paralytic rabies closely corresponds to the greater amount of virus and lower immune response in the CNS of Patients with the furious form.Abstract:
Rabies is an almost invariably fatal disease that can present as classic furious rabies or paralytic rabies. Recovery has been reported in only a few patients, most of whom were infected with bat rabies virus variants, and has been associated with promptness of host immune response and spontaneous (immune) virus clearance. Viral mechanisms that have evolved to minimise damage to the CNS but enable the virus to spread might explain why survivors have overall good functional recovery. The shorter survival of patients with furious rabies compared with those with paralytic rabies closely corresponds to the greater amount of virus and lower immune response in the CNS of patients with the furious form. Rabies virus is present in the CNS long before symptom onset: subclinical anterior horn cell dysfunction and abnormal brain MRI in patients with furious rabies are evident days before brain symptoms develop. How the virus produces its devastating effects and how it selectively impairs behaviour in patients with furious rabies and the peripheral nerves of patients with paralytic rabies is beginning to be understood. However, to develop a pragmatic treatment strategy, a thorough understanding of the neuropathogenetic mechanisms is needed.read more
Citations
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Journal Article
Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Rabies
TL;DR: The symptoms, diagnostic tests, management, pre-ex exposure and post-exposure prophylaxis of rabies, an acute progressive encephalomyelitis, are introduced.
Journal ArticleDOI
Time of administration of rabies immunoglobulins and adequacy of antibody response upon post-exposure prophylaxis: a descriptive retrospective study in Belgium.
Patrick Soentjens,Mieke Croughs,Christoph Burm,Steven Declerq,Jan Clerinx,Ula Maniewski,Steven Van Den Broucke,Caroline Theunissen,Ralph Huits,Isabel Brosius,Eric Florence,Chris Kenyon,Johan van Griensven,Sabrina H. van Ierssel,Lut Lynen,Katleen Balliauw,Steven Van Gucht,Marjan Van Esbroeck,Erika Vlieghe,Emmanuel Bottieau,Yven Van Herrewege +20 more
TL;DR: A substantial time delay was showed between the animal-related risk and the administration of HRIG, in particular when the injury occurred abroad, and the antibody response was inadequate in some cases following full PEP administration according to the Belgian recommendation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Rabies: Presentation, case management and therapy.
TL;DR: In this article, Favipiravir selectively inhibit viral RNA polymerase and has been shown to reduce rabies replication in neuronal cell and mouse model system, which may serve as an important novel neuroprotective agent.
Journal ArticleDOI
Vaccinations for international travelers
TL;DR: For all routine vaccinations as recommended in Germany, necessary revaccination and catch-up of missed vaccinations should be administered before travel, because at most destinations the risk of infection is higher than in Germany.
Journal ArticleDOI
Recovery rate affects the effective epidemic threshold with synchronous updating
TL;DR: This paper systematically study how the recovery rate affects the susceptible-infected-removed spreading dynamics on complex networks, where synchronous and asynchronous updating processes are taken into account, and derives the theoretical effective epidemic threshold and final outbreak size based on the edge-based compartmental theory.
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