Journal ArticleDOI
Human rabies: neuropathogenesis, diagnosis, and management
Thiravat Hemachudha,Gabriella Ugolini,Supaporn Wacharapluesadee,Witaya Sungkarat,Shanop Shuangshoti,Jiraporn Laothamatas +5 more
TLDR
The shorter survival of patients with furious rabies compared with those with paralytic rabies closely corresponds to the greater amount of virus and lower immune response in the CNS of Patients with the furious form.Abstract:
Rabies is an almost invariably fatal disease that can present as classic furious rabies or paralytic rabies. Recovery has been reported in only a few patients, most of whom were infected with bat rabies virus variants, and has been associated with promptness of host immune response and spontaneous (immune) virus clearance. Viral mechanisms that have evolved to minimise damage to the CNS but enable the virus to spread might explain why survivors have overall good functional recovery. The shorter survival of patients with furious rabies compared with those with paralytic rabies closely corresponds to the greater amount of virus and lower immune response in the CNS of patients with the furious form. Rabies virus is present in the CNS long before symptom onset: subclinical anterior horn cell dysfunction and abnormal brain MRI in patients with furious rabies are evident days before brain symptoms develop. How the virus produces its devastating effects and how it selectively impairs behaviour in patients with furious rabies and the peripheral nerves of patients with paralytic rabies is beginning to be understood. However, to develop a pragmatic treatment strategy, a thorough understanding of the neuropathogenetic mechanisms is needed.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Current status of rabies and prospects for elimination.
Anthony R. Fooks,Ashley C. Banyard,Daniel L. Horton,Nicholas Johnson,Lorraine M. McElhinney,Lorraine M. McElhinney,Alan Jackson +6 more
TL;DR: The most cost-effective approach to elimination of the global burden of human rabies is to control canine rabies rather than expansion of the availability of human prophylaxis.
Journal ArticleDOI
The olfactory nerve: a shortcut for influenza and other viral diseases into the central nervous system.
TL;DR: Viral infection of the CNS can lead to damage from infection of nerve cells per se, from the immune response, or from a combination of both, and clinical consequences range from nervous dysfunction in the absence of histopathological changes to severe meningoencephalitis and neurodegenerative disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
Neurotropic virus infections as the cause of immediate and delayed neuropathology.
Martin Ludlow,Jeroen Kortekaas,Christiane Herden,Bernd Hoffmann,Dennis Tappe,Corinna Trebst,Diane E. Griffin,Hannah Brindle,Tom Solomon,Alan S. Brown,Debby van Riel,Katja C. Wolthers,Dasja Pajkrt,Peter Wohlsein,Byron E. E. Martina,Wolfgang Baumgärtner,Georges M. G. M. Verjans,Georges M. G. M. Verjans,Albert D. M. E. Osterhaus,Albert D. M. E. Osterhaus +19 more
TL;DR: Mechanisms that govern neuropathogenesis and immunopathogenesis of viral infections are highlighted, using examples of well-studied virus infections that are associated with these alterations in different populations throughout the world.
Journal ArticleDOI
Emerging and Reemerging Neglected Tropical Diseases: a Review of Key Characteristics, Risk Factors, and the Policy and Innovation Environment
TL;DR: This review sets out to identify emerging and reemerging neglected tropical diseases and explore the policy and innovation environment that could hamper or enable control efforts and raise awareness and guide potential approaches to addressing this global health concern.
Journal ArticleDOI
The spread and evolution of rabies virus: conquering new frontiers.
TL;DR: This Review focuses on rabies virus infections in the wildlife and synthesizes current knowledge in the rapidly advancing fields of rabiesirus epidemiology and evolution, and advocate for multidisciplinary approaches to advance understanding of this disease.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Recovery from rabies. A case report.
Journal ArticleDOI
Management of Rabies in Humans
Alan Jackson,M. J. Warrell,Charles E. Rupprecht,Hildegund C. J. Ertl,Bernhard Dietzschold,Michael O'Reilly,Richard P. Leach,Zhen F. Fu,William H. Wunner,Thomas P. Bleck,Henry Wilde +10 more
TL;DR: No single therapeutic agent is likely to be effective, but a combination of specific therapies could be considered, including rabies vaccine, rabies immunoglobulin, monoclonal antibodies, ribavirin, interferon-alpha, and ketamine.
Journal ArticleDOI
Advances in viral transneuronal tracing
TL;DR: This review will highlight and contrast the different properties of these viral tracers, and summarize the methodological issues that are critical for the appropriate execution and interpretation of transneuronal tracing studies.
Journal ArticleDOI
Characterization of a unique variant of bat rabies virus responsible for newly emerging human cases in North America
Kinjiro Morimoto,M Patel,S. Corisdeo,Douglas C. Hooper,Zhen Fang Fu,Charles E. Rupprecht,Hilary Koprowski,Bernhard Dietzschold +7 more
TL;DR: In vitro studies showed that, while the susceptibility of neuroblastoma cells to infection by both viruses was similar, the infectivity of SHBRV was much higher than that of COSRV in fibroblasts and epithelial cells, suggesting that currently used vaccines should be effective in the postexposure prophylaxis of rabies due toSHBRV.
Journal ArticleDOI
Rabies Virus P Protein Interacts with STAT1 and Inhibits Interferon Signal Transduction Pathways
TL;DR: Mechanistic studies indicate that P protein does not induce STAT1 degradation and does not interfere with STAT1 phosphorylation but prevents IFN-induced STAT1 nuclear accumulation, indicating that rabies P protein overcomes the antiviral response of the infected cells.
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