Journal ArticleDOI
Large-scale variations in the vegetation growing season and annual cycle of atmospheric CO2 at high northern latitudes from 1950 to 2011.
Jonathan Barichivich,Keith R. Briffa,Ranga B. Myneni,Timothy J. Osborn,Thomas M. Melvin,Philippe Ciais,Shilong Piao,Shilong Piao,Compton J. Tucker +8 more
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TLDR
The springtime extension of the photosynthetic and potential growing seasons has apparently stimulated earlier and stronger net CO(2) uptake by northern ecosystems, while the autumnal extension is associated with an earlier net release of CO( 2) to the atmosphere.Abstract:
We combine satellite and ground observations during 1950-2011 to study the long-term links between multiple climate (air temperature and cryospheric dynamics) and vegetation (greenness and atmospheric CO(2) concentrations) indicators of the growing season of northern ecosystems (>45°N) and their connection with the carbon cycle. During the last three decades, the thermal potential growing season has lengthened by about 10.5 days (P 0.05). The photosynthetic growing season has closely tracked the pace of warming and extension of the potential growing season in spring, but not in autumn when factors such as light and moisture limitation may constrain photosynthesis. The autumnal extension of the photosynthetic growing season since 1982 appears to be about half that of the thermal potential growing season, yielding a smaller lengthening of the photosynthetic growing season (6.7 days at the circumpolar scale, P < 0.01). Nevertheless, when integrated over the growing season, photosynthetic activity has closely followed the interannual variations and warming trend in cumulative growing season temperatures. This lengthening and intensification of the photosynthetic growing season, manifested principally over Eurasia rather than North America, is associated with a long-term increase (22.2% since 1972, P < 0.01) in the amplitude of the CO(2) annual cycle at northern latitudes. The springtime extension of the photosynthetic and potential growing seasons has apparently stimulated earlier and stronger net CO(2) uptake by northern ecosystems, while the autumnal extension is associated with an earlier net release of CO(2) to the atmosphere. These contrasting responses may be critical in determining the impact of continued warming on northern terrestrial ecosystems and the carbon cycle.read more
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Climate extremes and variability, and their ecological impacts
TL;DR: In this paper, the changes in temperature mean, variability, and extremes were quantified simultaneously, and impacts of climate variability on global crop yields were identified, and finally, the ecological succession after an extreme event was monitored.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Comparison of Thermal Growing Season Indices for the Northern China during 1961–2015
Linli Cui,Jun Shi,Yue Ma +2 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the correlations and differences for different definitions of the growing season parameters (start, end, and length of the season) were investigated, and results showed that higher correlations of 0.81 −0.93 are found when indices which do not consider frost are compared with those of the same length which include the frost criteria, and lower correlations of0.63 − 0.79 are observed when the length of indices is different and one of the indices includes the frost criterion or EI 3 (10 d < 5°C) is included.
Snowmelt Water Use at Transpiration Onset: Phenology, Isotope Tracing, and Tree Water Transit Time
Magali F. Nehemy,Jason Maillet,N. S. Perron,Christoforos Pappas,Oliver Sonnentag,Jennifer L. Baltzer,Colin P. Laroque,Jeffrey J. McDonnell +7 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated tree water use during spring snowmelt following tree's winter stem shrinkage, and found that the onset of stem rehydration and transpiration overlaps with snowmelter for evergreens.
Journal ArticleDOI
Assessment of climate variations in the growing period in Central Europe since the end of eighteenth century
Journal ArticleDOI
Minimum carbon uptake controls the interannual variability of ecosystem productivity in tropical evergreen forests
Zhao Li,Zhao Li,Anders Ahlström,Anders Ahlström,Feng Tian,Feng Tian,Antje Gärtner,Ming Jiang,Jianyang Xia +8 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed the time-series of FLUXCOM gross primary productivity (GPP), sun-induced fluorescence (SIF), 2001-2013 and site-level GPP measurements in three tropical evergreen forests regions (i.e., Amazon, Africa, and Southeast Asia).
References
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A globally coherent fingerprint of climate change impacts across natural systems
Camille Parmesan,Gary W. Yohe +1 more
TL;DR: A diagnostic fingerprint of temporal and spatial ‘sign-switching’ responses uniquely predicted by twentieth century climate trends is defined and generates ‘very high confidence’ (as laid down by the IPCC) that climate change is already affecting living systems.
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Overview of the radiometric and biophysical performance of the MODIS vegetation indices
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated the performance and validity of the MODIS vegetation indices (VI), the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and enhanced vegetation index(EVI), produced at 1-km and 500-m resolutions and 16-day compositing periods.
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Warming and Earlier Spring Increase Western U.S. Forest Wildfire Activity
Anthony L. Westerling,Anthony L. Westerling,Hugo G. Hidalgo,Daniel R. Cayan,Daniel R. Cayan,Thomas W. Swetnam +5 more
TL;DR: It is shown that large wildfire activity increased suddenly and markedly in the mid-1980s, with higher large-wildfire frequency, longer wildfire durations, and longer wildfire seasons.
Journal ArticleDOI
Europe-wide reduction in primary productivity caused by the heat and drought in 2003
Philippe Ciais,Markus Reichstein,Nicolas Viovy,A. Granier,Jérôme Ogée,Vincent Allard,M. Aubinet,Nina Buchmann,C. Bernhofer,Arnaud Carrara,Frédéric Chevallier,N. de Noblet,Andrew D. Friend,Pierre Friedlingstein,Thomas Grünwald,Bernard Heinesch,Petri Keronen,Alexander Knohl,Gerhard Krinner,Denis Loustau,Giovanni Manca,Giorgio Matteucci,Franco Miglietta,Jean-Marc Ourcival,Dario Papale,Kim Pilegaard,Serge Rambal,G. Seufert,Jean-François Soussana,María José Sanz,Ernst Detlef Schulze,Timo Vesala,Riccardo Valentini +32 more
TL;DR: An increase in future drought events could turn temperate ecosystems into carbon sources, contributing to positive carbon-climate feedbacks already anticipated in the tropics and at high latitudes.
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