Journal ArticleDOI
Large-scale variations in the vegetation growing season and annual cycle of atmospheric CO2 at high northern latitudes from 1950 to 2011.
Jonathan Barichivich,Keith R. Briffa,Ranga B. Myneni,Timothy J. Osborn,Thomas M. Melvin,Philippe Ciais,Shilong Piao,Shilong Piao,Compton J. Tucker +8 more
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TLDR
The springtime extension of the photosynthetic and potential growing seasons has apparently stimulated earlier and stronger net CO(2) uptake by northern ecosystems, while the autumnal extension is associated with an earlier net release of CO( 2) to the atmosphere.Abstract:
We combine satellite and ground observations during 1950-2011 to study the long-term links between multiple climate (air temperature and cryospheric dynamics) and vegetation (greenness and atmospheric CO(2) concentrations) indicators of the growing season of northern ecosystems (>45°N) and their connection with the carbon cycle. During the last three decades, the thermal potential growing season has lengthened by about 10.5 days (P 0.05). The photosynthetic growing season has closely tracked the pace of warming and extension of the potential growing season in spring, but not in autumn when factors such as light and moisture limitation may constrain photosynthesis. The autumnal extension of the photosynthetic growing season since 1982 appears to be about half that of the thermal potential growing season, yielding a smaller lengthening of the photosynthetic growing season (6.7 days at the circumpolar scale, P < 0.01). Nevertheless, when integrated over the growing season, photosynthetic activity has closely followed the interannual variations and warming trend in cumulative growing season temperatures. This lengthening and intensification of the photosynthetic growing season, manifested principally over Eurasia rather than North America, is associated with a long-term increase (22.2% since 1972, P < 0.01) in the amplitude of the CO(2) annual cycle at northern latitudes. The springtime extension of the photosynthetic and potential growing seasons has apparently stimulated earlier and stronger net CO(2) uptake by northern ecosystems, while the autumnal extension is associated with an earlier net release of CO(2) to the atmosphere. These contrasting responses may be critical in determining the impact of continued warming on northern terrestrial ecosystems and the carbon cycle.read more
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Intercomparison, interpretation, and assessment of spring phenology in North America estimated from remote sensing for 1982-2006 M I C H A E L A. W H I T E*, K I R S T E N M. DE BEURS w , K A M E L D I D A Nz, D AV I D W. I N O U Y E § ,
Allard De Wit,Rt Z +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors assess 10 start-of-spring (SOS) methods for North America between 1982 and 2006 and find that SOS estimates were more related to the first leaf and first flowers expanding phenological stages.
Journal ArticleDOI
The broad footprint of climate change from genes to biomes to people
Brett R. Scheffers,Luc De Meester,Tom C. L. Bridge,Tom C. L. Bridge,Ary A. Hoffmann,John M. Pandolfi,Richard T. Corlett,Stuart H. M. Butchart,Stuart H. M. Butchart,Paul Pearce-Kelly,Kit M. Kovacs,David Dudgeon,Michela Pacifici,Carlo Rondinini,Wendy Foden,Tara G. Martin,Camilo Mora,David Bickford,James E. M. Watson,James E. M. Watson +19 more
TL;DR: The full range and scale of climate change effects on global biodiversity that have been observed in natural systems are described, and a set of core ecological processes that underpin ecosystem functioning and support services to people are identified.
Journal ArticleDOI
Plant phenology and global climate change: Current progresses and challenges
Shilong Piao,Shilong Piao,Qiang Liu,Anping Chen,Ivan A. Janssens,Yongshuo H. Fu,Yongshuo H. Fu,Junhu Dai,Lingli Liu,Xu Lian,Miaogen Shen,Xiaolin Zhu +11 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that future studies should primarily focus on using new observation tools to improve the understanding of tropical plant phenology, on improving process-based phenology modeling, and on the scaling of phenology from species to landscape-level.
Journal ArticleDOI
Characteristics, drivers and feedbacks of global greening
Shilong Piao,Shilong Piao,Xuhui Wang,Taejin Park,Taejin Park,Chi Chen,Xu Lian,Yue He,Jarle W. Bjerke,Anping Chen,Philippe Ciais,Philippe Ciais,Hans Tømmervik,Ramakrishna R. Nemani,Ranga B. Myneni +14 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the detection of the greening signal, its causes and its consequences, and showed that greening is pronounced over intensively farmed or afforested areas, such as in China and India, reflecting human activities.
Journal ArticleDOI
Net carbon uptake has increased through warming-induced changes in temperate forest phenology
Trevor F. Keenan,Trevor F. Keenan,Josh M. Gray,Mark A. Friedl,Michael Toomey,Gil Bohrer,David Y. Hollinger,J. William Munger,John O'Keefe,Hans Peter Schmid,Ian Sue Wing,Bai Yang,Andrew D. Richardson +12 more
TL;DR: In the case of an earlier spring and a later autumn, carbon uptake (photosynthesis) increases considerably more than carbon release (respiration) in temperate forests in the eastern US as mentioned in this paper.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Photoperiodic regulation of the seasonal pattern of photosynthetic capacity and the implications for carbon cycling
William L. Bauerle,Ram Oren,Danielle A. Way,Song S. Qian,Paul C. Stoy,Peter E. Thornton,Joseph D. Bowden,Forrest M. Hoffman,Robert Reynolds +8 more
TL;DR: It is shown that photoperiod explains more seasonal variation in photosynthetic activity across 23 tree species than temperature, and photooperiod-associated declines in photosynthesis capacity could limit autumn carbon gain in forests, even if warming delays leaf senescence.
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Asymmetric seasonal temperature trends
TL;DR: This article showed that the largest regional contributor to global temperature trends over the past two decades is land surface temperatures in the NH extratropics, and proposed mechanisms explaining the fluctuations in global annual temperatures should address this apparent seasonal asymmetry.
Journal ArticleDOI
Recent changes in phenology over the northern high latitudes detected from multi-satellite data
TL;DR: In this paper, changes in phenology over the past several decades across the northern high-latitude region (≥60°N) were examined by calibrating and analyzing time series of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR).
Journal ArticleDOI
Satellite detection of increasing Northern Hemisphere non-frozen seasons from 1979 to 2008: Implications for regional vegetation growth
TL;DR: In this paper, a temporally consistent, long-term (30-year) landscape freeze-thaw (FT) record was created, ensuring cross-sensor consistency through pixel-wise adjustment of the SMMR Tb record based on empirical analyses of overlapping SMMR and SSM/I measurements, which showed mean annual spatial classification accuracies of 91 (+/−8.6) and 84 (+ /−9.3) percent for PM and AM overpass retrievals relative to in situ air temperature measurements from the global weather station network.
Journal ArticleDOI
An Algorithm to Produce Temporally and Spatially Continuous MODIS-LAI Time Series
Feng Gao,Jeffrey T. Morisette,Robert E. Wolfe,G. A. Ederer,Jeffrey A. Pedelty,Edward J. Masuoka,Ranga B. Myneni,Bin Tan,Joanne Nightingale +8 more
TL;DR: This letter presents the algorithm used within the MODIS production facility to produce temporally smoothed and spatially continuous biophysical data for such modeling applications and shows that the smoothed LAI agrees with high-quality MODIS LAI very well.
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