Journal ArticleDOI
Large-scale variations in the vegetation growing season and annual cycle of atmospheric CO2 at high northern latitudes from 1950 to 2011.
Jonathan Barichivich,Keith R. Briffa,Ranga B. Myneni,Timothy J. Osborn,Thomas M. Melvin,Philippe Ciais,Shilong Piao,Shilong Piao,Compton J. Tucker +8 more
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TLDR
The springtime extension of the photosynthetic and potential growing seasons has apparently stimulated earlier and stronger net CO(2) uptake by northern ecosystems, while the autumnal extension is associated with an earlier net release of CO( 2) to the atmosphere.Abstract:
We combine satellite and ground observations during 1950-2011 to study the long-term links between multiple climate (air temperature and cryospheric dynamics) and vegetation (greenness and atmospheric CO(2) concentrations) indicators of the growing season of northern ecosystems (>45°N) and their connection with the carbon cycle. During the last three decades, the thermal potential growing season has lengthened by about 10.5 days (P 0.05). The photosynthetic growing season has closely tracked the pace of warming and extension of the potential growing season in spring, but not in autumn when factors such as light and moisture limitation may constrain photosynthesis. The autumnal extension of the photosynthetic growing season since 1982 appears to be about half that of the thermal potential growing season, yielding a smaller lengthening of the photosynthetic growing season (6.7 days at the circumpolar scale, P < 0.01). Nevertheless, when integrated over the growing season, photosynthetic activity has closely followed the interannual variations and warming trend in cumulative growing season temperatures. This lengthening and intensification of the photosynthetic growing season, manifested principally over Eurasia rather than North America, is associated with a long-term increase (22.2% since 1972, P < 0.01) in the amplitude of the CO(2) annual cycle at northern latitudes. The springtime extension of the photosynthetic and potential growing seasons has apparently stimulated earlier and stronger net CO(2) uptake by northern ecosystems, while the autumnal extension is associated with an earlier net release of CO(2) to the atmosphere. These contrasting responses may be critical in determining the impact of continued warming on northern terrestrial ecosystems and the carbon cycle.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Long-term effects of climate change on carbon storage and tree species composition in a dry deciduous forest.
István Fekete,Kate Lajtha,Zsolt Kotroczó,Gábor Várbíró,Csaba Varga,János Tóth,Ibolya Demeter,Gábor Veperdi,Imre Berki +8 more
TL;DR: Drought may limit net primary productio (NPP) of dry forest types, with unknown effects on soil C storage, in a deciduous temperate forest of Hungary that has been subject to significant decreases in precipitation and increases in temperature in recent decades.
Journal ArticleDOI
Greater deciduous shrub abundance extends tundra peak season and increases modeled net CO2 uptake
Shannan K. Sweet,Kevin L. Griffin,Kevin L. Griffin,Heidi Steltzer,Laura Gough,Natalie T. Boelman +5 more
TL;DR: Results suggest that greater deciduous shrub abundance increases carbon uptake not only due to greater leaf area, but also due to an extension of the period of peak greenness, which extends theperiod of maximum carbon uptake.
Journal ArticleDOI
Latitudinal gradient of spruce forest understory and tundra phenology in Alaska as observed from satellite and ground-based data
Hideki Kobayashi,Ali P. Yunus,Ali P. Yunus,Shin Nagai,Konosuke Sugiura,Konosuke Sugiura,Yongwon Kim,Brie Van Dam,Hirohiko Nagano,Donatella Zona,Donatella Zona,Yoshinobu Harazono,Yoshinobu Harazono,M. Syndonia Bret-Harte,Kazuhito Ichii,Hiroki Ikawa,Hiroki Iwata,Walter C. Oechel,Walter C. Oechel,Masahito Ueyama,Rikie Suzuki +20 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated SOS and EOS of understory and tundra vegetation using time-lapse camera images in Alaska and found that the satellite-based SOS timing was consistent with the leaf emergence of the forest understory.
Journal ArticleDOI
Trends of carbon fluxes and climate over a mixed temperate–boreal transition forest in southern Ontario, Canada
TL;DR: In this paper, the Borden Forest was found to be a low-to moderate CO2 sink, with uptake of 177 −±−28 ǫgCǫm−m−2ǫn−2 ǔm−1 ǒyr−1 (measured using the eddy covariance method, and concurrent meteorological variables).
Journal ArticleDOI
Spring photosynthetic onset and net CO2 uptake in Alaska triggered by landscape thawing.
Nicholas C. Parazoo,Almut Arneth,Thomas A. M. Pugh,Ben Smith,N. Steiner,K. A. Luus,Roisin Commane,Josh Benmergui,Eric Stofferahn,Junjie Liu,Christian Rödenbeck,Randy Kawa,Eugénie S. Euskirchen,Donatella Zona,Kyle A. Arndt,Walter C. Oechel,Charles E. Miller +16 more
TL;DR: The analysis of Alaskan eddy covariance observations confirms regional scale findings for tundra, but indicates that photosynthesis and net carbon uptake occur up to 1 month earlier in evergreens than captured by models or CO2 inversions, with better correlation to above-freezing air temperature than date of primary thaw.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
A globally coherent fingerprint of climate change impacts across natural systems
Camille Parmesan,Gary W. Yohe +1 more
TL;DR: A diagnostic fingerprint of temporal and spatial ‘sign-switching’ responses uniquely predicted by twentieth century climate trends is defined and generates ‘very high confidence’ (as laid down by the IPCC) that climate change is already affecting living systems.
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Overview of the radiometric and biophysical performance of the MODIS vegetation indices
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Warming and Earlier Spring Increase Western U.S. Forest Wildfire Activity
Anthony L. Westerling,Anthony L. Westerling,Hugo G. Hidalgo,Daniel R. Cayan,Daniel R. Cayan,Thomas W. Swetnam +5 more
TL;DR: It is shown that large wildfire activity increased suddenly and markedly in the mid-1980s, with higher large-wildfire frequency, longer wildfire durations, and longer wildfire seasons.
Journal ArticleDOI
Europe-wide reduction in primary productivity caused by the heat and drought in 2003
Philippe Ciais,Markus Reichstein,Nicolas Viovy,A. Granier,Jérôme Ogée,Vincent Allard,M. Aubinet,Nina Buchmann,C. Bernhofer,Arnaud Carrara,Frédéric Chevallier,N. de Noblet,Andrew D. Friend,Pierre Friedlingstein,Thomas Grünwald,Bernard Heinesch,Petri Keronen,Alexander Knohl,Gerhard Krinner,Denis Loustau,Giovanni Manca,Giorgio Matteucci,Franco Miglietta,Jean-Marc Ourcival,Dario Papale,Kim Pilegaard,Serge Rambal,G. Seufert,Jean-François Soussana,María José Sanz,Ernst Detlef Schulze,Timo Vesala,Riccardo Valentini +32 more
TL;DR: An increase in future drought events could turn temperate ecosystems into carbon sources, contributing to positive carbon-climate feedbacks already anticipated in the tropics and at high latitudes.
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