Mammalian Housekeeping Genes Evolve More Slowly than Tissue-Specific Genes
Liqing Zhang,Wen-Hsiung Li +1 more
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
The results show that, in comparison to tissue-specific genes, housekeeping genes on average evolve more slowly and are under stronger selective constraints as reflected by significantly smaller values of Ka/Ks, and contrary to the old textbook concept, approximately 74% of theHousekeeping genes in this study belong to multigene families, not significantly different from that of the tissue- specific genes.Abstract:
Do housekeeping genes, which are turned on most of the time in almost every tissue, evolve more slowly than genes that are turned on only at specific developmental times or tissues? Recent large-scale gene expression studies enable us to have a better definition of housekeeping genes and to address the above question in detail. In this study, we examined 1581 human-mouse orthologous gene pairs for their patterns of sequence evolution, contrasting housekeeping genes with tissue-specific genes. Our results show that, in comparison to tissue-specific genes, housekeeping genes on average evolve more slowly and are under stronger selective constraints as reflected by significantly smaller values of Ka/Ks. Besides stronger purifying selection, we explored several other factors that can possibly slow down nonsynonymous rates in housekeeping genes. Although mutational bias might slightly slow the nonsynonymous rates in housekeeping genes, it is unlikely to be the major cause of the rate difference between the two types of genes. The codon usage pattern of housekeeping genes does not seem to differ from that of tissue-specific genes. Moreover, contrary to the old textbook concept, we found that approximately 74% of the housekeeping genes in our study belong to multigene families, not significantly different from that of the tissue-specific genes ( approximately 70%). Therefore, the stronger selective constraints on housekeeping genes are not due to a lower degree of genetic redundancy.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Sequence and comparative analysis of the chicken genome provide unique perspectives on vertebrate evolution
LaDeana W. Hillier,Webb Miller,Ewan Birney,Wesley C. Warren,Ross C. Hardison,Chris P. Ponting,Peer Bork,David W. Burt,Martien A. M. Groenen,Mary E. Delany,Jerry B. Dodgson,Asif T. Chinwalla,Paul F. Cliften,Sandra W. Clifton,Kimberly D. Delehaunty,Catrina Fronick,Robert S. Fulton,Tina Graves,Colin Kremitzki,Dan Layman,Vincent Magrini,John Douglas Mcpherson,Tracie L. Miner,Patrick Minx,William E. Nash,Michael N. Nhan,Joanne O. Nelson,Lachlan G. Oddy,Craig Pohl,Jennifer Randall-Maher,Scott M. Smith,John W. Wallis,Shiaw Pyng Yang,Michael N Romanov,Catherine M. Rondelli,Bob Paton,Jacqueline Smith,David Morrice,Laura M. Daniels,Helen G. Tempest,Lindsay Robertson,Julio S. Masabanda,Darren K. Griffin,Alain Vignal,Valerie Fillon,Lina Jacobbson,Susanne Kerje,Leif Andersson,Richard P. M. A. Crooijmans,Jan Aerts,Jan J. van der Poel,Hans Ellegren,Randolph B. Caldwell,Simon J. Hubbard,Darren Grafham,Andrzej M. Kierzek,Stuart McLaren,Ian M. Overton,Hiroshi Arakawa,Kevin J. Beattie,Yuri Bezzubov,Paul E. Boardman,James K. Bonfield,Michael D. R. Croning,Robert L. Davies,Matthew D. Francis,Sean Humphray,Carol Scott,Ruth Taylor,Cheryll Tickle,William Brown,Jane Rogers,Jean-Marie Buerstedde,Stuart A. Wilson,Lisa Stubbs,Ivan Ovcharenko,Laurie Gordon,Susan Lucas,Marcia M. Miller,Hidetoshi Inoko,Takashi Shiina,James C. Kaufman,Jan Salomonsen,Karsten Skjoedt,Gane Ka-Shu Wong,Jun Wang,Bin Liu,Jian Wang,Jun Yu,Huanming Yang,Mikhail Nefedov,Maxim Koriabine,Pieter J. deJong,Leo Goodstadt,Caleb Webber,Nicholas J. Dickens,Ivica Letunic,Mikita Suyama,David Torrents,Christian von Mering,Evgeny M. Zdobnov,Kateryna D. Makova,Anton Nekrutenko,Laura Elnitski,Pallavi Eswara,David C. King,Shan Yang,Svitlana Tyekucheva,Anusha Radakrishnan,Robert S. Harris,Francesca Chiaromonte,James Taylor,Jianbin He,Monique Rijnkels,Sam Griffiths-Jones,Abel Ureta-Vidal,Michael M. Hoffman,Jessica Severin,Stephen M. J. Searle,Andy Law,David Speed,D. Waddington,Ze Cheng,Eray Tüzün,Evan E. Eichler,Zhirong Bao,Paul Flicek,David Shteynberg,Michael R. Brent,Jacqueline M. Bye,Elizabeth J. Huckle,Sourav Chatterji,Colin N. Dewey,Lior Pachter,Andrei Kouranov,Zissimos Mourelatos,Artemis G. Hatzigeorgiou,Andrew H. Paterson,Robert Ivarie,Mikael Brandström,Erik Axelsson,Niclas Backström,Sofia Berlin,Matthew T. Webster,Olivier Pourquié,Alexandre Reymond,Catherine Ucla,Stylianos E. Antonarakis,Manyuan Long,J. J. Emerson,Esther Betrán,Isabelle Dupanloup,Henrik Kaessmann,Angie S. Hinrichs,Gill Bejerano,Terrence S. Furey,Rachel A. Harte,Brian J. Raney,Adam Siepel,W. James Kent,David Haussler,Eduardo Eyras,Robert Castelo,Josep F. Abril,Sergi Castellano,Francisco Camara,Genís Parra,Roderic Guigó,Guillaume Bourque,Glenn Tesler,Pavel A. Pevzner,Arian F.A. Smit,Lucinda Fulton,Elaine R. Mardis,Richard K. Wilson +174 more
TL;DR: A draft genome sequence of the red jungle fowl, Gallus gallus, provides a new perspective on vertebrate genome evolution, while also improving the annotation of mammalian genomes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mistranslation-Induced Protein Misfolding as a Dominant Constraint on Coding-Sequence Evolution
D. Allan Drummond,Claus O. Wilke +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors demonstrate conserved patterns of simple covariation between sequence evolution, codon usage, and mRNA level in E. coli, yeast, worm, fly, mouse, and human that suggest that all observed trends stem largely from a unified underlying selective pressure.
Journal ArticleDOI
Applications of next generation sequencing in molecular ecology of non-model organisms
Robert Ekblom,Juan Galindo +1 more
TL;DR: A snapshot of the current state of the art for this rapidly advancing and expanding field of research is provided and some likely directions for future developments are given.
Journal Article
Molecular Biology of the Gene.
TL;DR: Reading molecular biology of the gene is also a way as one of the collective books that gives many advantages, not only for you, but for the other peoples with those meaningful benefits.
Journal ArticleDOI
Rapid Subfunctionalization Accompanied by Prolonged and Substantial Neofunctionalization in Duplicate Gene Evolution
Xionglei He,Jianzhi Zhang +1 more
TL;DR: It is shown that neither NF nor SF alone adequately explains the genome-wide patterns of yeast protein interaction and human gene expression for duplicate genes, suggesting a new model termed subneofunctionalization (SNF), and demonstrate that enormous numbers of new functions have originated via gene duplication.
References
More filters
Book ChapterDOI
Individual Comparisons by Ranking Methods
TL;DR: The comparison of two treatments generally falls into one of the following two categories: (a) a number of replications for each of the two treatments, which are unpaired, or (b) we may have a series of paired comparisons, some of which may be positive and some negative as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
PAML: a program package for phylogenetic analysis by maximum likelihood
TL;DR: The strength of PAML, in comparison with other phylogenetic packages currently available, is its implementation of a variety of evolutionary models, which include several models of variable evolutionary rates among sites, models for combined analyses of multiple gene sequence data and models for amino acid sequences.
Journal ArticleDOI
The 'effective number of codons' used in a gene.
TL;DR: A simple measure is presented that quantifies how far the codon usage of a gene departs from equal usage of synonymous codons, Nc, which provides an intuitively meaningful measure of the extent of codon preference in a gene.
Journal Article
Molecular Biology of the Gene.
TL;DR: Reading molecular biology of the gene is also a way as one of the collective books that gives many advantages, not only for you, but for the other peoples with those meaningful benefits.