Journal ArticleDOI
Memory T cells in nonlymphoid tissue that provide enhanced local immunity during infection with herpes simplex virus
Thomas Gebhardt,Linda M. Wakim,Liv Eidsmo,Patrick C. Reading,William R. Heath,Francis R. Carbone +5 more
TLDR
A unique memory T cell subset present after acute infection with herpes simplex virus that remained resident in the skin and in latently infected sensory ganglia is described, representing an example of tissue-resident memory T cells that can provide protective immunity at points of pathogen entry.Abstract:
Effective immunity is dependent on long-surviving memory T cells. Various memory subsets make distinct contributions to immune protection, especially in peripheral infection. It has been suggested that T cells in nonlymphoid tissues are important during local infection, although their relationship with populations in the circulation remains poorly defined. Here we describe a unique memory T cell subset present after acute infection with herpes simplex virus that remained resident in the skin and in latently infected sensory ganglia. These T cells were in disequilibrium with the circulating lymphocyte pool and controlled new infection with this virus. Thus, these cells represent an example of tissue-resident memory T cells that can provide protective immunity at points of pathogen entry.read more
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Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors: Positioning Cells for Host Defense and Immunity
TL;DR: This review focuses on recent advances in understanding how the chemokine system orchestrates immune cell migration and positioning at the organismic level in homeostasis, in acute inflammation, and during the generation and regulation of adoptive primary and secondary immune responses in the lymphoid system and peripheral nonlymphoid tissue.
Journal ArticleDOI
Skin immune sentinels in health and disease
TL;DR: This Review focuses on recent progress in dissecting the functional role of skin immune cells in skin disease and newly identified CD103+ dendritic cells are strategically positioned for cross-presentation of skin-tropic pathogens.
Journal ArticleDOI
The developmental pathway for CD103(+)CD8+ tissue-resident memory T cells of skin.
Laura K. Mackay,Azad Rahimpour,Joel Z. Ma,Nicholas Collins,Angus T. Stock,Ming-Li Hafon,Javier Vega-Ramos,Pilar Lauzurica,Scott N. Mueller,Tijana Stefanovic,David C. Tscharke,William R. Heath,Michael Inouye,Francis R. Carbone,Thomas Gebhardt +14 more
TL;DR: It is found that CD103+CD8+ TRM cells developed in the skin from epithelium-infiltrating precursor cells that lacked expression of the effector-cell marker KLRG1.
Journal ArticleDOI
Intraepithelial Type 1 Innate Lymphoid Cells Are a Unique Subset of IL-12- and IL-15-Responsive IFN-γ-Producing Cells
Anja Fuchs,William Vermi,William Vermi,Jacob S. Lee,Silvia Lonardi,Susan Gilfillan,Rodney D. Newberry,Marina Cella,Marco Colonna +8 more
TL;DR: A human ILC1 subset that produced interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in response to IL-12 and IL-15 and had a unique integrin profile, intraepithelial location, hallmarks of TGF-β imprinting, and a memory-activated phenotype is characterized.
Journal ArticleDOI
Skin infection generates non-migratory memory CD8+ T(RM) cells providing global skin immunity.
Xiaodong Jiang,Rachael A. Clark,Luzheng Liu,Amy J. Wagers,Robert C. Fuhlbrigge,Thomas S. Kupper +5 more
TL;DR: It is shown in mice that localized vaccinia virus (VACV) skin infection generates long-lived non-recirculating CD8+ skin TRM cells that reside within the entire skin that are superior to circulating central memory T (TCM) cells at providing rapid long-term protection against cutaneous re-infection.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Two subsets of memory T lymphocytes with distinct homing potentials and effector functions
TL;DR: It is shown that expression of CCR7, a chemokine receptor that controls homing to secondary lymphoid organs, divides human memory T cells into two functionally distinct subsets, which are named central memory (TCM) and effector memory (TEM).
Journal ArticleDOI
Central Memory and Effector Memory T Cell Subsets: Function, Generation, and Maintenance
TL;DR: This review addresses the heterogeneity of TCM and TEM, their differentiation stages, and the current models for their generation and maintenance in humans and mice.
Journal ArticleDOI
Preferential Localization of Effector Memory Cells in Nonlymphoid Tissue
TL;DR: In response to viral or bacterial infection, antigen-specific CD8 T cells migrated to nonlymphoid tissues and were present as long-lived memory cells, pointing to the existence of a population of extralymphoid effector memory T cells poised for immediate response to infection.
Journal ArticleDOI
Lineage relationship and protective immunity of memory CD8 T cell subsets.
E. John Wherry,Volker Teichgräber,Todd C. Becker,David Masopust,Susan M. Kaech,Rustom Antia,Ulrich H. von Andrian,Rafi Ahmed +7 more
TL;DR: It is proposed that TCM and TEM do not necessarily represent distinct subsets, but are part of a continuum in a linear naive → effector → TEM → TCM differentiation pathway.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effector and memory T-cell differentiation: implications for vaccine development
TL;DR: The signals required for commitment to this programme of development and the factors that might influence its progression are discussed and models of the pathways of effector and memory T-cell differentiation are discussed.