MicroRNAs and the cancer phenotype: profiling, signatures and clinical implications
Carlos Stahlhut,Frank J. Slack +1 more
TLDR
The application of miRNAs as biomarkers, clinical agents, and therapeutic targets are discussed, highlighting both the enormous potential and major challenges in this field.Abstract:
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as key genetic regulators of a wide variety of biological processes, including growth, proliferation, and survival. Recent advances have led to the recognition that miRNAs can act as potent oncogenes and tumor suppressors, playing crucial roles in the initiation, maintenance, and progression of the oncogenic state in a variety of cancers. Determining how miRNA expression and function is altered in cancer is an important goal, and a necessary prerequisite to the development and adoption of miRNA-based therapeutics in the clinic. Highly promising clinical applications of miRNAs are the use of miRNA signatures as biomarkers for cancer (for example, for early detection or diagnosis), and therapeutic supplementation or inhibition of specific miRNAs to alter the cancer phenotype. In this review, we discuss the main methods used for miRNA profiling, and examine key miRNAs that are commonly altered in a variety of tumors. Current studies underscore the functional versatility and potency of miRNAs in various aspects of the cancer phenotype, pointing to their potential clinical applications. Consequently, we discuss the application of miRNAs as biomarkers, clinical agents, and therapeutic targets, highlighting both the enormous potential and major challenges in this field.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
MicroRNAs in cancer: biomarkers, functions and therapy.
TL;DR: The potential applications of microRNAs for the clinical assessment of patient outcome in cancer, as well as in cancer monitoring and therapy are reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Role of microRNAs in translation regulation and cancer
TL;DR: The biogenesis of miRNAs is discussed, focusing on the mechanisms by which they regulate protein synthesis, and their role in cancer is debated, highlighting their potential to become therapeutic targets.
Journal ArticleDOI
The circRNA-microRNA code: emerging implications for cancer diagnosis and treatment.
TL;DR: The emerging roles for circRNAs in oncogenic pathways highlight new perspectives for the detailed molecular dissection of cancer pathogenesis and offer new opportunities to design innovative therapeutic strategies.
Journal ArticleDOI
MicroRNAs and cancer: Key paradigms in molecular therapy (Review)
TL;DR: The present study reviews the studies and examines the roles of miRNAs in cancer diagnosis, prognosis and treatment, and discusses the potential therapeutic modality of exploiting mi RNAs.
Journal ArticleDOI
Combinatorial Action of MicroRNAs let-7 and miR-34 Effectively Synergizes with Erlotinib to Suppress Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cell Proliferation.
Carlos Stahlhut,Frank J. Slack +1 more
TL;DR: It is indicated that NSCLC cells can be effectively sensitized to erlotinib by supplementation with tumor suppressor miRNAs, and the use of combinations of miRN as adjuvant therapeutics for the treatment of lung cancer is suggested to be a viable clinical strategy.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
MicroRNAs: Genomics, Biogenesis, Mechanism, and Function
TL;DR: Although they escaped notice until relatively recently, miRNAs comprise one of the more abundant classes of gene regulatory molecules in multicellular organisms and likely influence the output of many protein-coding genes.
Journal ArticleDOI
MicroRNA signatures in human cancers
George A. Calin,Carlo M. Croce +1 more
TL;DR: MiRNA-expression profiling of human tumours has identified signatures associated with diagnosis, staging, progression, prognosis and response to treatment and has been exploited to identify miRNA genes that might represent downstream targets of activated oncogenic pathways, or that target protein-coding genes involved in cancer.
Journal Article
MicroRNA signatures in human cancers
George A. Calin,Carlo M. Croce +1 more
TL;DR: The causes of the widespread differential expression of miRNA genes in malignant compared with normal cells can be explained by the location of these genes in cancer-associated genomic regions, by epigenetic mechanisms and by alterations in the miRNA processing machinery as discussed by the authors.
Journal Article
Oncomirs : microRNAs with a role in cancer
TL;DR: I MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an abundant class of small non-protein-coding RNAs that function as negative gene regulators as discussed by the authors, and have been shown to repress the expression of important cancer-related genes and might prove useful in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
Journal ArticleDOI
A microRNA expression signature of human solid tumors defines cancer gene targets
Stefano Volinia,George A. Calin,Chang Gong Liu,Stefan Ambs,Amelia Cimmino,Fabio Petrocca,Rosa Visone,Marilena V. Iorio,Claudia Roldo,Manuela Ferracin,Robyn L. Prueitt,Nozumu Yanaihara,Giovanni Lanza,Aldo Scarpa,Andrea Vecchione,Massimo Negrini,Curtis C. Harris,Carlo M. Croce +17 more
TL;DR: The results indicate that miRNAs are extensively involved in cancer pathogenesis of solid tumors and support their function as either dominant or recessive cancer genes.
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