Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection Mediated by the Transmembrane Serine Protease TMPRSS2
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TLDR
It is suggested that a single treatment with camostat is sufficient to block MERS-CoV entry into a well-differentiated lung-derived cell line and cathepsin L in the endosome.Citations
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Nafamostat Mesylate Blocks Activation of SARS-CoV-2: New Treatment Option for COVID-19.
Markus Hoffmann,Simon Schroeder,Simon Schroeder,Hannah Kleine-Weber,Marcel A. Müller,Marcel A. Müller,Christian Drosten,Christian Drosten,Stefan Pöhlmann +8 more
TL;DR: The currently unfolding coronavirus pandemic threatens health systems and economies worldwide and needs to be considered as a global public health emergency, not a medical emergency.
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Structure-based discovery of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus fusion inhibitor
Lu Lu,Qi Liu,Yun Zhu,Kwok-Hung Chan,Lili Qin,Yuan Yuan Li,Qian Wang,Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan,Lanying Du,Fei Yu,Cuiqing Ma,Sheng Ye,Kwok-Yung Yuen,Rongguang Zhang,Shibo Jiang +14 more
TL;DR: It is found that two peptides, HR1P and HR2P, spanning residues 998–1039 in HR1 and 1251–1286 in HR2 domains, respectively, can form a stable six-helix bundle fusion core structure, suggesting that MERS-CoV enters into the host cell mainly through membrane fusion mechanism.
Journal ArticleDOI
The molecular virology of Coronaviruses
TL;DR: The molecular virology of coronavirus infection, including its entry into cells, its remarkably sophisticated gene expression and replication mechanisms, its extensive remodeling of the intracellular environment, and its multifaceted immune evasion strategies are presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
Coronavirus Infections and Type 2 Diabetes-Shared Pathways with Therapeutic Implications.
TL;DR: Basic and clinical science spanning the intersections of diabetes, coronavirus infections, ACE2, and DPP4 biology are reviewed, highlighting clinical relevance and evolving areas of uncertainty underlying the pathophysiology and treatment of T2D in the context of coronav virus infection.
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Fusion of Enveloped Viruses in Endosomes
TL;DR: A key take‐home message is that enveloped viruses that enter cells by fusing in endosomes traverse the endocytic pathway until they reach an endosome that has all of the environmental conditions to trigger the fusion protein and to support membrane fusion.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Isolation of a Novel Coronavirus from a Man with Pneumonia in Saudi Arabia
Ali Moh Zaki,Sander van Boheemen,Theo M. Bestebroer,Albert D. M. E. Osterhaus,Ron A. M. Fouchier +4 more
TL;DR: The clinical picture was remarkably similar to that of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak in 2003 and reminds us that animal coronaviruses can cause severe disease in humans.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 is a functional receptor for the emerging human coronavirus-EMC
V. Stalin Raj,Huihui Mou,Saskia L. Smits,Dick H. W. Dekkers,Marcel A. Müller,Ronald Dijkman,Doreen Muth,Jeroen Demmers,Ali Moh Zaki,Ron A. M. Fouchier,Volker Thiel,Volker Thiel,Christian Drosten,Peter J. M. Rottier,Albert D. M. E. Osterhaus,Berend Jan Bosch,Bart L. Haagmans +16 more
TL;DR: Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4; also known as CD26) is identified as a functional receptor for hCoV-EMC and will contribute critically to the understanding of the pathogenesis and epidemiology of this emerging human coronavirus, and may facilitate the development of intervention strategies.
Journal ArticleDOI
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): announcement of the Coronavirus Study Group.
Raoul J. de Groot,Susan C. Baker,Ralph S. Baric,Caroline Brown,Christian Drosten,Luis Enjuanes,Ron A. M. Fouchier,Monica Galiano,Alexander E. Gorbalenya,Ziad A. Memish,Stanley Perlman,Leo L.M. Poon,Eric J. Snijder,Gwen Stephens,Patrick C. Y. Woo,Ali Moh Zaki,Maria Zambon,John Ziebuhr +17 more
TL;DR: During the summer of 2012, in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, a hitherto unknown coronavirus was isolated from the sputum of a patient with acute pneumonia and renal failure and was provisionally called human coronav virus Erasmus Medical Center (EMC).
Journal ArticleDOI
Efficient Activation of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Spike Protein by the Transmembrane Protease TMPRSS2
TL;DR: This is the first report of TMPRSS2 being required in the target cell for activation of a viral fusion protein but not for the S protein synthesized in and transported to the surface of cells.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Transmembrane Serine Protease Is Linked to the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Receptor and Activates Virus Entry
Ana Shulla,Taylor Heald-Sargent,Gitanjali Subramanya,Jincun Zhao,Stanley Perlman,Tom Gallagher +5 more
TL;DR: Findings indicate that a cell surface complex comprising a primary receptor and a separate endoprotease operates as a portal for activation of SARS-CoV cell entry.