National contributions to observed global warming
H. Damon Matthews,Tanya L. Graham,Serge Keverian,Cassandra Lamontagne,Donny Seto,Trevor J Smith +5 more
TLDR
This article presented a new estimate of national contributions to observed climate warming, including CO2 emissions from fossil fuels and land-use change, as well as methane, nitrous oxide and sulfate aerosol emissions.Abstract:
There is considerable interest in identifying national contributions to global warming as a way of allocating historical responsibility for observed climate change. This task is made difficult by uncertainty associated with national estimates of historical emissions, as well as by difficulty in estimating the climate response to emissions of gases with widely varying atmospheric lifetimes. Here, we present a new estimate of national contributions to observed climate warming, including CO2 emissions from fossil fuels and land-use change, as well as methane, nitrous oxide and sulfate aerosol emissions While some countries’ warming contributions are reasonably well defined by fossil fuel CO2 emissions, many countries have dominant contributions from land-use CO2 and non-CO2 greenhouse gas emissions, emphasizing the importance of both deforestation and agriculture as components of a country’s contribution to climate warming. Furthermore, because of their short atmospheric lifetime, recent sulfate aerosol emissions have a large impact on a country’s current climate contribution We show also that there are vast disparities in both total and per-capita climate contributions among countries, and that across most developed countries, per-capita contributions are not currently consistent with attempts to restrict global temperature change to less than 2 C above pre-industrial temperatures.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Diversity and carbon storage across the tropical forest biome
Martin J. P. Sullivan,Joey Talbot,Simon L. Lewis,Simon L. Lewis,Oliver L. Phillips,Lan Qie,Serge K. Begne,Serge K. Begne,Jérôme Chave,Aida Cuni-Sanchez,Wannes Hubau,Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez,Lera Miles,Abel Monteagudo-Mendoza,Bonaventure Sonké,Terry Sunderland,Terry Sunderland,Hans ter Steege,Hans ter Steege,Lee J. T. White,Kofi Affum-Baffoe,Shin-ichiro Aiba,Everton Cristo de Almeida,Edmar Almeida de Oliveira,Patricia Alvarez-Loayza,Esteban Alvarez Dávila,Ana Andrade,Luiz E. O. C. Aragão,Peter S. Ashton,Gerardo A. Aymard C,Timothy R. Baker,Michael Balinga,Lindsay F. Banin,Christopher Baraloto,Jean-François Bastin,Nicholas J. Berry,Jan Bogaert,Damien Bonal,Frans Bongers,Roel J. W. Brienen,José Luís Camargo,Carlos Cerón,Victor Chama Moscoso,Eric Chezeaux,Connie J. Clark,Alvaro Cogollo Pacheco,James A. Comiskey,James A. Comiskey,Fernando Cornejo Valverde,Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado,Greta C. Dargie,Stuart J. Davies,Charles De Cannière,Marie Noel Djuikouo K.,Jean-Louis Doucet,Terry L. Erwin,Javier Silva Espejo,Corneille E. N. Ewango,Sophie Fauset,Sophie Fauset,Ted R. Feldpausch,Rafael Herrera,Rafael Herrera,Martin Gilpin,Emanuel Gloor,Jefferson S. Hall,David Harris,Terese B. Hart,Kuswata Kartawinata,Lip Khoon Kho,Kanehiro Kitayama,Susan G. Laurance,William F. Laurance,Miguel E. Leal,Thomas E. Lovejoy,Jon C. Lovett,Faustin Mpanya Lukasu,Jean-Remy Makana,Yadvinder Malhi,Leandro Maracahipes,Beatriz Schwantes Marimon,Ben Hur Marimon Junior,Andrew R. Marshall,Paulo S. Morandi,John Tshibamba Mukendi,Jaques Mukinzi,Reuben Nilus,Percy Núñez Vargas,Nadir Pallqui Camacho,Guido Pardo,Marielos Peña-Claros,Pascal Petronelli,Georgia Pickavance,Axel Dalberg Poulsen,John R. Poulsen,Richard B. Primack,H. Priyadi,H. Priyadi,Carlos A. Quesada,Jan Reitsma,Maxime Réjou-Méchain,Zorayda Restrepo,Ervan Rutishauser,Kamariah Abu Salim,Rafael de Paiva Salomão,Ismayadi Samsoedin,Douglas Sheil,Douglas Sheil,Rodrigo Sierra,Marcos Silveira,J. W. Ferry Slik,Lisa Steel,Hermann Taedoumg,Sylvester Tan,John Terborgh,Sean C. Thomas,Marisol Toledo,Peter M. Umunay,Luis Valenzuela Gamarra,Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira,Vincent A. Vos,Ophelia Wang,Simon Willcock,Simon Willcock,Lise Zemagho +124 more
TL;DR: In this article, a pan-tropical dataset of 360 plots located in structurally intact old-growth closed-canopy forest, surveyed using standardised methods, allowing a multi-scale evaluation of diversity-carbon relationships in tropical forests.
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The rise in global atmospheric CO2, surface temperature, and sea level from emissions traced to major carbon producers
Brenda Ekwurzel,J. Boneham,M. W. Dalton,R. Heede,Roberto Mera,Roberto Mera,Myles R. Allen,Peter C. Frumhoff +7 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors use a simple climate model to quantify the contribution of historical and recent emissions traced to these producers to the historical rise in global atmospheric CO2, surface temperature, and sea level.
Journal ArticleDOI
The PRIMAP-hist national historical emissions time series
Johannes Gütschow,M. Louise Jeffery,Robert Gieseke,Ronja Gebel,David Stevens,Mario Krapp,Marcia Rocha +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors combine several published datasets to create a comprehensive set of emissions pathways for each country and Kyoto gas, covering the years 1850 to 2014 with yearly values, for all UNFCCC member states and most non-UNFCCC territories.
Journal ArticleDOI
Climate change influences on environment as a determinant of Indigenous health: Relationships to place, sea ice, and health in an Inuit community.
TL;DR: The findings indicate that climate change is resulting in and compounding existing environmental dispossession for Inuit, and demonstrate the necessity of considering place meanings, culture, and socio-historical context to assess the complexity of climate change impacts on Indigenous environmental health.
Journal ArticleDOI
Demonstrating GWP*: a means of reporting warming-equivalent emissions that captures the contrasting impacts of short- and long-lived climate pollutants
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that GWP* provides a useful indication of warming, while conventional application of GWP100 falls short in many scenarios and particularly when methane emissions are stable or declining, with important implications for how the authors consider ‘zero emission’ or ‘climate neutral’ targets for sectors emitting different compositions of gases.
References
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Climate change 2007: the physical science basis
Susan Solomon,Dahe Qin,Martin R. Manning,Melinda Marquis,Kristen Averyt,Melinda M.B. Tignor,H. L. Miller,Z. Chen +7 more
TL;DR: The first volume of the IPCC's Fourth Assessment Report as mentioned in this paper was published in 2007 and covers several topics including the extensive range of observations now available for the atmosphere and surface, changes in sea level, assesses the paleoclimatic perspective, climate change causes both natural and anthropogenic, and climate models for projections of global climate.
Book
Climate change 2007 : the physical science basis : contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a historical overview of climate change science, including changes in atmospheric constituents and radiative forcing, as well as changes in snow, ice, and frozen ground.
Book Chapter
Changes in Atmospheric Constituents and in Radiative Forcing
Piers M. Forster,Venkatachalam Ramaswamy,Paulo Artaxo,Terje Koren Berntsen,Richard Betts,David W. Fahey,Jim Haywood,Judith Lean,David C. Lowe,Gunnar Myhre,John Nganga,Ronald G. Prinn,Graciela B. Raga,Michael Schulz,Rob van Dorland,Greg Bodeker,Oliver Boucher,William D. Collins,T.J. Conway,Edward J. Dlugokencky,James W. Elkins,David Etheridge,P. Foukal,Paul J. Fraser,Marvyn Geller,Fortunat Joos,Charles D. Keeling,Stefan Kinne,K. Lassey,Ulrike Lohmann,Andrew C. Manning,S. A. Montzka,David E. Oram,K. O'Shaughnessy,S. Piper,Gian-Kasper Plattner,Michael Ponater,Navin Ramankutty,G. Reid,David Rind,Karen H. Rosenlof,Robert Sausen,D. Schwarzkopf,S.K. Solanki,Garry Stenchikov,N. Stuber,Toshihiko Takemura,Christiane Textor,R. Wang,Ray F. Weiss,T. Whorf +50 more