Newcastle disease virus (NDV)-based assay demonstrates interferon-antagonist activity for the NDV V protein and the Nipah virus V, W, and C proteins.
Man Seong Park,Megan L. Shaw,Jorge L. Muñoz-Jordán,Jérôme Cros,Takaaki Nakaya,Nicole M. Bouvier,Peter Palese,Adolfo García-Sastre,Christopher F. Basler +8 more
TLDR
It is shown that expression of the NDV V protein or the Nipah virus V, W, or C proteins rescues NDV-GFP replication in the face of the transfection-induced IFN response, and that the NDVs could be used to screen proteins expressed from plasmids for the ability to counteract the host cellIFN response.Abstract:
We have generated a recombinant Newcastle disease virus (NDV) that expresses the green fluorescence protein (GFP) in infected chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEFs). This virus is interferon (IFN) sensitive, and pretreatment of cells with chicken alpha/beta IFN (IFN-α/β) completely blocks viral GFP expression. Prior transfection of plasmid DNA induces an IFN response in CEFs and blocks NDV-GFP replication. However, transfection of known inhibitors of the IFN-α/β system, including the influenza A virus NS1 protein and the Ebola virus VP35 protein, restores NDV-GFP replication. We therefore conclude that the NDV-GFP virus could be used to screen proteins expressed from plasmids for the ability to counteract the host cell IFN response. Using this system, we show that expression of the NDV V protein or the Nipah virus V, W, or C proteins rescues NDV-GFP replication in the face of the transfection-induced IFN response. The V and W proteins of Nipah virus, a highly lethal pathogen in humans, also block activation of an IFN-inducible promoter in primate cells. Interestingly, the amino-terminal region of the Nipah virus V protein, which is identical to the amino terminus of Nipah virus W, is sufficient to exert the IFN-antagonist activity. In contrast, the anti-IFN activity of the NDV V protein appears to be located in the carboxy-terminal region of the protein, a region implicated in the IFN-antagonist activity exhibited by the V proteins of mumps virus and human parainfluenza virus type 2.read more
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Nipah Virus: A Recently Emergent Deadly Paramyxovirus
Kaw Bing Chua,William J. Bellini,Paul A. Rota,Brian H. Harcourt,Azaibi Tamin,Sai Kit Lam,Thomas G. Ksiazek,Pierre E. Rollin,Sherif R. Zaki,Wun-Ju Shieh,Cynthia S. Goldsmith,Duane J. Gubler,John T. Roehrig,Bryan T. Eaton,A. R. Gould,James G. Olson,P. Daniels,Ai Ee Ling,Clarence J. Peters,Larry J. Anderson,Brian W. J. Mahy +20 more
TL;DR: Electron microscopic, serologic, and genetic studies indicate that the Nipah virus belongs to the family Paramyxoviridae and is most closely related to the recently discovered Hendra virus, and it is suggested that these two viruses are representative of a new genus within the familyparamyxviridae.
Journal ArticleDOI
Influenza A Virus Lacking the NS1 Gene Replicates in Interferon-Deficient Systems
Adolfo García-Sastre,Andrej Egorov,Demetrius Matassov,Sabine Brandt,David E. Levy,Joan E. Durbin,Peter Palese,Thomas Muster +7 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a viable transfectant influenza A virus (delNS1) which lacks the NS1 gene has been generated through the use of reverse genetics, and it has been shown that the NS 1 protein plays a crucial role in inhibiting interferon-mediated antiviral responses of the host.
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