Showing papers in "EBioMedicine in 2018"

TL;DR: The current understanding of biogenesis and gene regulatory mechanisms of circRNAs is provided, the recent studies oncircRNAs as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers are summarized, and the major advantages and limitations of circ RNAs as novel biomarkers based on existing knowledge are highlighted.

TL;DR: Administration of fisetin to wild-type mice late in life restored tissue homeostasis, reduced age-related pathology, and extended median and maximum lifespan, suggesting the feasibility to translation to human clinical studies.

TL;DR: It is indicated that SB ameliorated the TNBS-induced inflammatory response and intestinal epithelium barrier dysfunction through activating GPR109A and inhibiting the AKT and NF-κB p65 signaling pathways and provide a new theoretical basis for treatment of IBD.

TL;DR: It is found that the expression of miR-34a-5p in CAF-derived exosomes was significantly reduced, and fibroblasts could transfer exosomal miR+5p to OSCC cells, which might represent a therapeutic target for OSCC.

TL;DR: It is postulate that TBI can initiate cerebrovascular pathology, which is causally involved in the development of multiple forms of neurodegeneration including AD-like dementias, and novel biomarkers, animal and human studies with a focus on cerebroVascular dysfunction are contributing to the understanding of the consequences of TBI.

TL;DR: The emerging characteristics of small-molecule PROTACs, such as inducing a rapid, profound and sustained degradation, inducing a robust inhibition of downstream signals, displaying enhanced target selectivity, and overcoming resistance to small molecule inhibitors are summarized.

TL;DR: It is found that further pre-clinical and well-powered clinical studies are required to delineate the precise pathogenesis of post-operative delirium and cognitive dysfunction, and evidence supporting novel therapeutic avenues, such as nicotinic and HMGB-1 targeting and remote ischaemic pre-conditioning, is limited and necessitates further investigation.

TL;DR: The findings imply that dysfunctional integration of the cortical-striatal-cerebellar circuit across the default, salience, and control networks may play an important role in the “disconnectivity” model underlying the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.

TL;DR: Infusion of MSCs primed with IFN-γ significantly reduced the symptoms of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in NOD-SCID mice, thereby increasing survival rate when compared with naïve MSC-infused mice.

TL;DR: Existing explanations of obesity-associated cancer emphasise direct mutagenic effects of dietary components or hormonal imbalance, but recent evidence suggests a major role for chronic inflammation in cancer risk, possibly involving dietary content.

TL;DR: The mTOR-dependent autophagic flux impairment in a murine model of colitis, human intestinal epithelial cells and active UC patients is probably regulated by TLR4-MyD88-MAPK signalling and the NF-κB pathway.

TL;DR: The results represent a significant breakthrough in clinical translation of tissue engineered human ear-shaped cartilage given the established in vitro engineering technique and suitable surgical procedure.

TL;DR: Clinical evidence and laboratory studies are reviewed, and critical analysis of previous publications indicates that early IRI does contribute to later graft loss through reduction of renal functional mass, graft vascular injury, and chronic hypoxia, as well as subsequent fibrosis.

TL;DR: A new mechanistic therapeutic approach is provided to overcome chemoresistance and tumor progression through exosomal miR-1246 in OC patients and suggests that cancer exosomes may contribute to oncogenesis by manipulating neighboring infiltrating immune cells.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that IFNγ induces a rapid activation of aerobic glycolysis followed by a reduction in oxidative phosphorylation in M1 macrophages, which sustains cell viability and inflammatory activity, while limiting reliance on mitochondrial oxidative metabolism.

TL;DR: Exosome-shuttled miR-17 plays an essential role in AMSC-Exo therapy for ALF by targeting TXNIP and suppressing inflammasome activation in hepatic macrophages and may present as a promising approach for TXnIP/NLRP3 inflammaome-related inflammatory liver diseases.

TL;DR: How AIF deficiency induces pathogenic processes that alter metabolism and ultimately compromise cellular homeostasis is described and how the study of AIFM1-linked pathologies may help to further expand the understanding of rare inherited forms of mitochondrial diseases is summarized.

TL;DR: The newly developed radiomics signature is a powerful predictor of DFS and OS, and it may predict which patients with stage II and III GC benefit from chemotherapy.

TL;DR: Findings indicate that PDL1 is expressed in beta cells from people with T1D, possibly to attenuate the autoimmune assault, and that it is induced by both type I and II interferons via IRF1.

TL;DR: It is shown here that liver-specific AMPK KO mice display normal hepatic lipid homeostasis and are not prone to fatty liver development, indicating that the decreases in AMPK activity associated with hepatic steatosis may be a consequence, rather than a cause, of changes in hepatic metabolism.

TL;DR: HOTAIR epigenetically suppresses miR-122 expression via DNA methylation, leading to activation of Cyclin G1 and promotion of tumorigenicity in HCC, which provide new insight into the mechanism of HOTAIR-mediated hepatocarcinogenesis via suppressing mi R-122.

TL;DR: This review confers the properties and therapeutic promise of EVs secreted by NSCs, and the possibility of targeting NSC-EVs to specific neuronal types or brain regions would enable managing of diverse neurodegenerative conditions with minimal side effects.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that HBV infection in hiPSC-LOs could recapitulate virus life cycle and virus induced hepatic dysfunction, suggesting that hiPSCs may provide a promising individualized infection model for the development of individualized treatment for hepatitis.

TL;DR: A 28-gene hypoxia signature has strong and independent prognostic value for prostate cancer patients.

TL;DR: The possible reversal of disability that was observed in a subset of patients warrants a larger phase II placebo-controlled study to establish efficacy of IT MSC-NP treatment in patients with MS.

TL;DR: How OVs disrupt the immunosuppressive TME and can be used strategically to create a “pro-immune” microenvironment that enables and promotes potent, long-lasting host antitumor immune responses is reviewed.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that RUNx1 is overexpressed in the processes of TGF-β-induced partial EMT and renal fibrosis and that the expression level of RUNX1 is SMAD3-dependent, suggesting that RUNX 1 is a potential target for preventing kidney fibrosis.

TL;DR: A two dose heterologous vaccination regimen of MVA/ChAdOx1 NP + M1 was safe and immunogenic in young and older adults, offering a promising vaccination strategy for inducing long-term broadly cross-reactive protection against influenza A.

TL;DR: Evidence is provided that probiotic supplementation could relieve more gastrointestinal symptoms by inducing alterations in gut microbiota and host immune responses and the decision to eradicate H. pylori should be based on comprehensive analysis of individual patients.

TL;DR: It is shown that the AMPK β1-biased activator PF-06409577 is capable of lowering hepatic and systemic lipid and cholesterol levels in both rodent and monkey preclinical models and represents a promising strategy for the treatment of NAFLD and NASH in humans.