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Nivolumab versus Everolimus in Advanced Renal-Cell Carcinoma

TLDR
Overall survival was longer and fewer grade 3 or 4 adverse events occurred with nivolumab than with everolimus among patients with previously treated advanced renal-cell carcinoma.
Abstract
BackgroundNivolumab, a programmed death 1 (PD-1) checkpoint inhibitor, was associated with encouraging overall survival in uncontrolled studies involving previously treated patients with advanced renal-cell carcinoma. This randomized, open-label, phase 3 study compared nivolumab with everolimus in patients with renal-cell carcinoma who had received previous treatment. MethodsA total of 821 patients with advanced clear-cell renal-cell carcinoma for which they had received previous treatment with one or two regimens of antiangiogenic therapy were randomly assigned (in a 1:1 ratio) to receive 3 mg of nivolumab per kilogram of body weight intravenously every 2 weeks or a 10-mg everolimus tablet orally once daily. The primary end point was overall survival. The secondary end points included the objective response rate and safety. ResultsThe median overall survival was 25.0 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 21.8 to not estimable) with nivolumab and 19.6 months (95% CI, 17.6 to 23.1) with everolimus. The haz...

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Cancer immunotherapy: the art of targeting the tumor immune microenvironment.

TL;DR: The clinical pharmacology characteristics of the main classes of immunotherapeutic agents, as well as the new treatment strategies related to immunotherapy in solid tumors, are carefully discussed throughout this review.
Journal ArticleDOI

Systemic therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: beyond sorafenib.

TL;DR: Systemic treatments for incurable HCC beyond sorafenib will be explored, with particular emphasis to various kinase inhibitors, immunotherapies, and new data on combination therapies.
Journal ArticleDOI

Economic evaluation of nivolumab as a second-line treatment for advanced renal cell carcinoma from US and Chinese perspectives

TL;DR: This study evaluated the cost‐effectiveness of nivolumab for the second‐line treatment of mRCC from the perspective of US payers and identified the range of drug costs for which the addition of nivea to standard therapy could be considered cost‐effective from a Chinese perspective.
Journal ArticleDOI

Everolimus in the management of metastatic renal cell carcinoma: an evidence-based review of its place in therapy

TL;DR: Everolimus still represents a current standard of treatment for RCC progressive to previous treatment lines with VEGFR-TKI, and the main downstream effectors of mTOR cascade, S6RP and its phosphorylated form, could be good predictive biomarkers of response to everolimus.
References
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Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012.

TL;DR: The GLOBOCAN series of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as mentioned in this paper provides estimates of the worldwide incidence and mortality from 27 major cancers and for all cancers combined for 2012.
Journal ArticleDOI

Categorical Data Analysis

Alan Agresti
- 01 May 1991 - 
TL;DR: In this article, categorical data analysis was used for categorical classification of categorical categorical datasets.Categorical Data Analysis, categorical Data analysis, CDA, CPDA, CDSA
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