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Nivolumab versus Everolimus in Advanced Renal-Cell Carcinoma

TLDR
Overall survival was longer and fewer grade 3 or 4 adverse events occurred with nivolumab than with everolimus among patients with previously treated advanced renal-cell carcinoma.
Abstract
BackgroundNivolumab, a programmed death 1 (PD-1) checkpoint inhibitor, was associated with encouraging overall survival in uncontrolled studies involving previously treated patients with advanced renal-cell carcinoma. This randomized, open-label, phase 3 study compared nivolumab with everolimus in patients with renal-cell carcinoma who had received previous treatment. MethodsA total of 821 patients with advanced clear-cell renal-cell carcinoma for which they had received previous treatment with one or two regimens of antiangiogenic therapy were randomly assigned (in a 1:1 ratio) to receive 3 mg of nivolumab per kilogram of body weight intravenously every 2 weeks or a 10-mg everolimus tablet orally once daily. The primary end point was overall survival. The secondary end points included the objective response rate and safety. ResultsThe median overall survival was 25.0 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 21.8 to not estimable) with nivolumab and 19.6 months (95% CI, 17.6 to 23.1) with everolimus. The haz...

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Immunotherapy in renal cell carcinoma: latest evidence and clinical implications

Abstract: Advances in understanding the mechanisms of tumour-induced immunosuppression have led to the development of immune-checkpoint inhibitors in cancer patients, including those with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The optimal combination between immunotherapy and targeted agents (as well as the possible favourable sequential therapy of these two classes of drugs) remains an open question at this moment. Several trials are currently underway to assess the combination of anti-programmed-death 1 (PD-1) or anti-PD-ligand(L)1 agents with other immunotherapies or with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). In this editorial, we described the results of the most recent clinical trials on the use of immunotherapies in RCC and the emerging data on the research for reliable biomarkers of tumour response in this setting. In addition, we have focused on the role of the gut microbiome and tumour microenvironment in the development of future therapeutic strategies for RCC patients.
Journal ArticleDOI

Clinical Importance of Epstein⁻Barr Virus-Associated Gastric Cancer.

TL;DR: Clinically, EB VaGC has a significantly low frequency of lymph node metastasis compared with EBV-negative gastric cancer, resulting in a better prognosis and novel therapeutic applications for EBVaGC are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI

A comprehensive review of immunotherapies in prostate cancer

TL;DR: All the completed immune therapy trials in prostate cancer are reviewed and important considerations for the next generation of clinical trials are highlighted.
Journal ArticleDOI

An interdisciplinary consensus on the management of bone metastases from renal cell carcinoma

TL;DR: A meeting of experts with a global perspective to perform an unstructured review and elaborate on current treatment strategies on the basis of published data and expertise formulated recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with RCC and metastasis to the bone.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012.

TL;DR: The GLOBOCAN series of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as mentioned in this paper provides estimates of the worldwide incidence and mortality from 27 major cancers and for all cancers combined for 2012.
Journal ArticleDOI

Categorical Data Analysis

Alan Agresti
- 01 May 1991 - 
TL;DR: In this article, categorical data analysis was used for categorical classification of categorical categorical datasets.Categorical Data Analysis, categorical Data analysis, CDA, CPDA, CDSA
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