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Journal ArticleDOI

NOTCH AND PRESENILIN: Regulated Intramembrane Proteolysis Links Development and Degeneration

Dennis J. Selkoe, +1 more
- 28 Nov 2003 - 
- Vol. 26, Iss: 1, pp 565-597
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TLDR
Elucidating the detailed mechanism of Presenilin processing of membrane proteins is important for understanding diverse signal transduction pathways and potentially for treating and preventing Alzheimer's disease.
Abstract
Intensive studies of three proteins--Presenilin, Notch, and the amyloid precursor protein (APP)--have led to the recognition of a direct intersection between early development and late-life neurodegeneration. Notch signaling mediates many different intercellular communication events that are essential for determining the fates of neural and nonneural cells during development and in the adult. The Notch receptor acts in a core pathway as a membrane-bound transcription factor that is released to the nucleus by a two-step cleavage mechanism called regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP). The second cleavage is effected by Presenilin, an unusual polytopic aspartyl protease that apparently cleaves Notch and numerous other single-transmembrane substrates within the lipid bilayer. Another Presenilin substrate, APP, releases the amyloid ss-protein that can accumulate over time in limbic and association cortices and help initiate Alzheimer's disease. Elucidating the detailed mechanism of Presenilin processing of membrane proteins is important for understanding diverse signal transduction pathways and potentially for treating and preventing Alzheimer's disease.

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI

Notch signalling: a simple pathway becomes complex

TL;DR: Although the intracellular transduction of the Notch signal is remarkably simple, with no secondary messengers, this pathway functions in an enormous diversity of developmental processes and its dysfunction is implicated in many cancers.
Journal ArticleDOI

ADAMs: key components in EGFR signalling and development

TL;DR: Research on ADAMs and their role in protein ectodomain shedding is emerging as a fertile ground for gathering new insights into the functional regulation of membrane proteins.
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Apolipoprotein E and its receptors in Alzheimer's disease: pathways, pathogenesis and therapy

TL;DR: There is mounting evidence that APOE4 contributes to AD pathogenesis by modulating the metabolism and aggregation of amyloid-β peptide and by directly regulating brain lipid metabolism and synaptic functions through APOE receptors.
Journal ArticleDOI

Trafficking and Proteolytic Processing of APP

TL;DR: This chapter outlines how the precursor protein maturates and traffics through the secretory pathway to reach the subcellular locations where the individual secretases are preferentially active and illuminate how neuronal activity and mutations which cause familial Alzheimer disease affect amyloid β-peptide generation and therefore disease onset and progression.
Journal ArticleDOI

Notch signalling in vertebrate neural development

TL;DR: Loss- and gain-of-function studies revealed both the pleiotropic action of the Notch signalling pathway in development and the potential of Notch signals as tools to influence the developmental path of undifferentiated cells.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

A presenilin-1-dependent gamma-secretase-like protease mediates release of Notch intracellular domain.

TL;DR: It is reported that, in mammalian cells, PS1 deficiency also reduces the proteolytic release of NICD from a truncated Notch construct, thus identifying the specific biochemical step of the Notch signalling pathway that is affected by PS1.
Journal ArticleDOI

Familial Alzheimer's disease in kindreds with missense mutations in a gene on chromosome 1 related to the Alzheimer's disease type 3 gene

TL;DR: Analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the open reading frame of the E5-1 gene led to the discovery of two missense substitutions at conserved amino-acid residues in affected members of pedigrees with a form of familial AD that has a later age of onset than the AD3 subtype (50–70 years versus 30–60 years for AD3).
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