Journal ArticleDOI
Ocean acidification causes ecosystem shifts via altered competitive interactions
TLDR
Although calcareous species recruited and grew at similar rates to fleshy seaweeds in ambient and low pH conditions, at later stages in low pH, they were rapidly overgrown, suggesting that changes in competitive balance could indirectly lead to profound ecosystem changes in an acidified ocean.Abstract:
Ocean acidification can alter competitive dynamics between species. Although calcareous species recruited and grew at similar rates to fleshy seaweeds in ambient and low pH conditions, at later stages, in low pH, they were rapidly overgrown. These results suggest that changes in competitive balance could indirectly lead to profound ecosystem changes in an acidified ocean.read more
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Climate change in the oceans: evolutionary versus phenotypically plastic responses of marine animals and plants.
TL;DR: This review focuses largely on the potential for adaptive evolution in marine animals and plants and recommends initiation and analyses of observational and experimental temporal studies encompassing diverse phenotypic traits.
Journal ArticleDOI
Twenty-first century ocean warming, acidification, deoxygenation, and upper-ocean nutrient and primary production decline from CMIP6 model projections
Lester Kwiatkowski,Olivier Torres,Laurent Bopp,Olivier Aumont,Matthew A. Chamberlain,James R. Christian,John P. Dunne,Marion Gehlen,Tatiana Ilyina,Jasmin G. John,Andrew Lenton,Andrew Lenton,Hongmei Li,Nicole S. Lovenduski,James C. Orr,Julien Palmieri,Yeray Santana-Falcón,Jörg Schwinger,Roland Séférian,Charles A. Stock,Alessandro Tagliabue,Yohei Takano,Yohei Takano,Jerry Tjiputra,Katsuya Toyama,Hiroyuki Tsujino,Michio Watanabe,Akitomo Yamamoto,Andrew Yool,Tilo Ziehn +29 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors assess projections of these drivers of environmental change over the twenty-first century from Earth system models (ESMs) participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) that were forced under the CMIP6 Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs).
Journal ArticleDOI
Immersive Virtual Reality Field Trips Facilitate Learning About Climate Change.
TL;DR: This work is unique by showing distinct learning gains or an interest in learning across a variety of participants, measures, and content (multiple versions varying in length and content about climate change were tested).
Journal ArticleDOI
The other ocean acidification problem: CO2 as a resource among competitors for ecosystem dominance.
TL;DR: It is shown that mats have enhanced productivity in experiments and more expansive covers in situ under projected near-future CO2 conditions both in temperate and tropical conditions, and awareness is raised of CO2 as a resource whose change in availability could have wide-ranging community consequences beyond its direct effects.
Ocean Acidification Through the Lens of Ecological Theory
Abstract: Ocean acidification, chemical changes to the carbonate system of seawater, is emerging as a key environmental challenge accompanying global warming and other human-induced perturbations. Considerable research seeks to define the scope and character of potential outcomes from this phenomenon, but a crucial impediment persists. Ecological theory, despite its power and utility, has been only peripherally applied to the problem. Here we sketch in broad strokes several areas where fundamental principles of ecology have the capacity to generate insight into ocean acidification's consequences. We focus on conceptual models that, when considered in the context of acidification, yield explicit predictions regarding a spectrum of population- and community-level effects, from narrowing of species ranges and shifts in patterns of demographic connectivity, to modified consumer-resource relationships, to ascendance of weedy taxa and loss of species diversity. Although our coverage represents only a small fraction of the breadth of possible insights achievable from the application of theory, our hope is that this initial foray will spur expanded efforts to blend experiments with theoretical approaches. The result promises to be a deeper and more nuanced understanding of ocean acidification'and the ecological changes it portends.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Mechanisms of succession in natural communities and their role in community stability and organization
TL;DR: In the majority of natural communities succession is frequently interrupted by major disturbances, such as fires, storms, insect plagues, etc., starting the process all over again, but if not interrupted, it eventually reaches a stage in which further change is on a small scale as individuals die and are replaced.
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Oceanography: anthropogenic carbon and ocean pH.
Ken Caldeira,M. Wickett +1 more
TL;DR: It is found that oceanic absorption of CO2 from fossil fuels may result in larger pH changes over the next several centuries than any inferred from the geological record of the past 300 million years.
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Catastrophes, phase shifts, and large-scale degradation of a Caribbean coral reef.
TL;DR: A dramatic phase shift has occurred in Jamaica, producing a system dominated by fleshy macroalgae (more than 90 percent cover), and immediate implementation of management procedures is necessary to avoid further catastrophic damage.
Journal ArticleDOI
Impact of Anthropogenic CO2 on the CaCO3 System in the Oceans
Richard A. Feely,Christopher L. Sabine,Kitack Lee,William M. Berelson,Joanie Kleypas,Victoria J. Fabry,Frank J. Millero +6 more
TL;DR: The in situ CaCO3 dissolution rates for the global oceans from total alkalinity and chlorofluorocarbon data are estimated, and the future impacts of anthropogenic CO2 on Ca CO3 shell–forming species are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Reduced calcification of marine plankton in response to increased atmospheric CO2.
Ulf Riebesell,Ingrid Zondervan,Björn Rost,Philippe D. Tortell,Richard E. Zeebe,Richard E. Zeebe,François M. M. Morel +6 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that the progressive increase in atmospheric CO2 concentrations may slow down the production of calcium carbonate in the surface ocean, as the process of calcification releases CO2 to the atmosphere.