Oxalic acid as a heterogeneous ice nucleus in the upper troposphere and its indirect aerosol effect
B. Zobrist,Claudia Marcolli,Thomas Koop,B. P. Luo,D. M. Murphy,Ulrike Lohmann,A. A. Zardini,Ulrich K. Krieger,T. Corti,Daniel J. Cziczo,Stephan Fueglistaler,P. K. Hudson,David S. Thomson,Thomas Peter +13 more
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In this article, the dihydrate of oxalic acid (OAD) acts as a heterogeneous ice nucleus, with an increase in freezing temperature between 2 and 5 K depending on solution composition.Abstract:
. Heterogeneous ice freezing points of aqueous solutions containing various immersed solid dicarboxylic acids (oxalic, adipic, succinic, phthalic and fumaric) have been measured with a differential scanning calorimeter. The results show that only the dihydrate of oxalic acid (OAD) acts as a heterogeneous ice nucleus, with an increase in freezing temperature between 2 and 5 K depending on solution composition. In several field campaigns, oxalic acid enriched particles have been detected in the upper troposphere with single particle aerosol mass spectrometry. Simulations with a microphysical box model indicate that the presence of OAD may reduce the ice particle number density in cirrus clouds by up to ~50% when compared to exclusively homogeneous cirrus formation without OAD. Using the ECHAM4 climate model we estimate the global net radiative effect caused by this heterogeneous freezing to result in a cooling as high as −0.3 Wm−2.read more
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References
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on one major aspect of cloud microphysics, which involves the processes that lead to the formation of individual cloud and precipitation particles, and provide an account of the major characteristics of atmospheric aerosol particles.
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Microphysics of Clouds and Precipitation
Journal ArticleDOI
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Large contribution of organic aerosols to cloud-condensation-nuclei concentrations
T. Novakov,Joyce E. Penner +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the relative contributions of sulphate and organic aerosols to cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations at a marine site known to be influenced by anthropogenic emissions were investigated.
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