Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Unai Galicia-Garcia,Asier Benito-Vicente,Shifa Jebari,Asier Larrea-Sebal,Haziq Siddiqi,Kepa B. Uribe,Helena Ostolaza,César Martín +7 more
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TLDR
This review analyzes the key aspects of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, as well as the molecular mechanisms and pathways implicated in insulin metabolism leading to T2DM and insulin resistance, and summarizes the data gathered up until now.Abstract:
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), one of the most common metabolic disorders, is caused by a combination of two primary factors: defective insulin secretion by pancreatic β-cells and the inability of insulin-sensitive tissues to respond appropriately to insulin. Because insulin release and activity are essential processes for glucose homeostasis, the molecular mechanisms involved in the synthesis and release of insulin, as well as in its detection are tightly regulated. Defects in any of the mechanisms involved in these processes can lead to a metabolic imbalance responsible for the development of the disease. This review analyzes the key aspects of T2DM, as well as the molecular mechanisms and pathways implicated in insulin metabolism leading to T2DM and insulin resistance. For that purpose, we summarize the data gathered up until now, focusing especially on insulin synthesis, insulin release, insulin sensing and on the downstream effects on individual insulin-sensitive organs. The review also covers the pathological conditions perpetuating T2DM such as nutritional factors, physical activity, gut dysbiosis and metabolic memory. Additionally, because T2DM is associated with accelerated atherosclerosis development, we review here some of the molecular mechanisms that link T2DM and insulin resistance (IR) as well as cardiovascular risk as one of the most important complications in T2DM.read more
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전자/제조업의 Collaboration 전략
TL;DR: In this article, mental health issues often co-occur with other problems such as substance abuse, and they can take an enormous toll on individuals and impact a college or university in many ways.
The genetic architecture of type 2 diabetes
Christian Fuchsberger,Jason Flannick,Tanya M. Teslovich,Anubha Mahajan,Vineeta Agarwala,Kyle J. Gaulton,Clement Ma,Pierre Fontanillas,Loukas Moutsianas,Davis J. McCarthy,Manuel A. Rivas,John R. B. Perry,Xueling Sim,Thomas W. Blackwell,Neil Robertson,N. William Rayner,Pablo Cingolani,Adam E. Locke,Juan Fernandez Tajes,Heather M. Highland,Josée Dupuis,Peter S. Chines,Cecilia M. Lindgren,Christopher Hartl,Anne U. Jackson,Han Chen,Jeroen R. Huyghe,Martijn van de Bunt,Richard D. Pearson,Ashok Kumar,Martina Mueller-Nurasyid,Niels Grarup,Heather M. Stringham,Eric R. Gamazon,Jae-Hoon Lee,Yi Chen,Robert A. Scott,Jennifer E. Below,Peng Chen,Jinyan Huang,Min Jin Go,Michael L. Stitzel,Dorota Pasko,Stephen C. J. Parker,Tibor V. Varga,Todd Green,Nicola L. Beer,Aaron G. Day-Williams,Teresa Ferreira,Tasha E. Fingerlin,Momoko Horikoshi,Cheng Hu,Iksoo Huh,Mohammad Kamran Ikram,Bong-Jo Kim,Yongkang Kim,Young-Jin Kim,Min-Seok Kwon,Juyoung Lee,Selyeong Lee,Keng-Han Lin,Taylor J. Maxwell,Yoshihiko Nagai,Xu Wang,Ryan P. Welch,Joon Yoon,Weihua Zhang,Nir Barzilai,Benjamin F. Voight,Bok-Ghee Han,Christopher P. Jenkinson,Teemu Kuulasmaa,Johanna Kuusisto,Alisa K. Manning,Maggie C.Y. Ng,Nicholette D. Palmer,Beverley Balkau,Alena Stančáková,Hanna E. Abboud,Heiner Boeing,Vilmantas Giedraitis,Dorairaj Prabhakaran,Omri Gottesman,James Scott,Jason Carey,Phoenix Kwan,George B. Grant,Joshua D. Smith,Benjamin M. Neale,Shaun Purcell,Adam S. Butterworth,Joanna M. M. Howson,Heung Man Lee,Yingchang Lu,Soo Heon Kwak,Wei Zhao,John Danesh,Vincent K. L. Lam,Kyong Soo Park,Danish Saleheen,Wing-Yee So,Claudia H. T. Tam,Uzma Afzal,David Aguilar,Rector Arya,Tin Aung,Edmund Chan,Carmen Navarro,Ching-Yu Cheng,Domenico Palli,Adolfo Correa,Joanne E. Curran,Denis Rybin,Vidya S. Farook,Sharon P. Fowler,Barry I. Freedman,Michael Griswold,Daniel E. Hale,Pamela J. Hicks,Chiea Chuen Khor,Satish Kumar,Benjamin Lehne,Dorothée Thuillier,Wei-Yen Lim,Jianjun Liu,Yvonne T. van der Schouw,Marie Loh,Solomon K. Musani,Sobha Puppala,William R. Scott,Loic Yengo,Sian-Tsung Tan,Herman A. Taylor,Farook Thameem,Gregory P. Wilson,Tien Yin Wong,Pål R. Njølstad,Jonathan C. Levy,Massimo Mangino,Lori L. Bonnycastle,Thomas Schwarzmayr,João Fadista,Gabriela L. Surdulescu,Christian Herder,Christopher J. Groves,Thomas Wieland,Jette Bork-Jensen,Ivan Brandslund,Cramer Christensen,Heikki A. Koistinen,Alex S. F. Doney,Leena Kinnunen,Tõnu Esko,Andrew Farmer,Liisa Hakaste,Dylan Hodgkiss,Jasmina Kravic,Valeriya Lyssenko,Mette Hollensted,Marit E. Jørgensen,Torben Jørgensen,Claes Ladenvall,Johanne Marie Justesen,Annemari Käräjämäki,Jennifer Kriebel,Wolfgang Rathmann,Lars Lannfelt,Torsten Lauritzen,Narisu Narisu,Allan Linneberg,Olle Melander,Lili Milani,Matt Neville,Marju Orho-Melander,Lu Qi,Qibin Qi,Michael Roden,Olov Rolandsson,Amy J. Swift,Anders Rosengren,Kathleen Stirrups,Andrew R. Wood,Evelin Mihailov,Christine Blancher,Mauricio O. Carneiro,Jared Maguire,Ryan Poplin,Khalid Shakir,Timothy R. Fennell,Mark A. DePristo,Martin Hrabé de Angelis,Panos Deloukas,Anette P. Gjesing,Goo Jun,Peter M. Nilsson,Jacquelyn Murphy,Robert C. Onofrio,Barbara Thorand,Torben Hansen,Christa Meisinger,Frank B. Hu,Bo Isomaa,Fredrik Karpe,Liming Liang,Annette Peters,Cornelia Huth,Stephen O'Rahilly,Colin N. A. Palmer,Oluf Pedersen,Rainer Rauramaa,Jaakko Tuomilehto,Veikko Salomaa,Richard M. Watanabe,Ann-Christine Syvänen,Richard N. Bergman,Dwaipayan Bharadwaj,Erwin P. Bottinger,Yoon Shin Cho,Giriraj R. Chandak,Juliana C.N. Chan,Kee Seng Chia,Mark J. Daly,Shah Ebrahim,Claudia Langenberg,Paul Elliott,Kathleen A. Jablonski,Donna M. Lehman,Weiping Jia,Ronald C.W. Ma,Toni I. Pollin,Manjinder S. Sandhu,Nikhil Tandon,Philippe Froguel,Inês Barroso,Yik Ying Teo,Eleftheria Zeggini,Ruth J. F. Loos,Kerrin S. Small,Janina S. Ried,Ralph A. DeFronzo,Harald Grallert,Benjamin Glaser,Andres Metspalu,Nicholas J. Wareham,Mark Walker,Eric Banks,Christian Gieger,Erik Ingelsson,Hae Kyung Im,Thomas Illig,Paul W. Franks,Gemma Buck,Joseph Trakalo,David Buck,Inga Prokopenko,Reedik Mägi,Lars Lind,Yossi Farjoun,Katharine R. Owen,Anna L. Gloyn,Konstantin Strauch,Tiinamaija Tuomi,Jaspal S. Kooner,Jong-Young Lee,Taesung Park,Peter Donnelly,Andrew D. Morris,Andrew T. Hattersley,Donald W. Bowden,Francis S. Collins,Gil Atzmon,John C. Chambers,Tim D. Spector,Markku Laakso,Tim M. Strom,Graeme I. Bell,John Blangero,Ravindranath Duggirala,E. Shyong Tai,Gilean McVean,Craig L. Hanis,James G. Wilson,Mark Seielstad,Timothy M. Frayling,James B. Meigs,Nancy J. Cox,Robert Sladek,Eric S. Lander,Stacey Gabriel,Noël P. Burtt,Karen L. Mohlke,Thomas Meitinger,Leif Groop,Gonçalo R. Abecasis,Jose C. Florez,Laura J. Scott,Andrew P. Morris,Hyun Min Kang,Michael Boehnke,David Altshuler,Mark I. McCarthy +300 more
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Poster: Hyperglycemia induces a dynamic cooperativity of histone methylase and demethylase enzymes associated with gene-activating epigenetic marks that coexist on the lysine tail
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Redox metabolism: ROS as specific molecular regulators of cell signaling and function.
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