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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

Plant genome editing made easy: targeted mutagenesis in model and crop plants using the CRISPR/Cas system

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TLDR
The CRISPR/Cas system allows targeted cleavage of genomic DNA guided by a customizable small noncoding RNA, resulting in gene modifications by both non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and homology-directed repair (HDR) mechanisms.
Abstract
Targeted genome engineering (also known as genome editing) has emerged as an alternative to classical plant breeding and transgenic (GMO) methods to improve crop plants. Until recently, available tools for introducing site-specific double strand DNA breaks were restricted to zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) and TAL effector nucleases (TALENs). However, these technologies have not been widely adopted by the plant research community due to complicated design and laborious assembly of specific DNA binding proteins for each target gene. Recently, an easier method has emerged based on the bacterial type II CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas (CRISPR-associated) immune system. The CRISPR/Cas system allows targeted cleavage of genomic DNA guided by a customizable small noncoding RNA, resulting in gene modifications by both non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and homology-directed repair (HDR) mechanisms. In this review we summarize and discuss recent applications of the CRISPR/Cas technology in plants.

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Journal ArticleDOI

Development of gene expression system in egg cells and zygotes isolated from rice and maize.

TL;DR: The results suggest that the present PEG‐Ca2+‐mediated transient expression system in zygotes will become a powerful and alternative tool for the preparation of gene‐edited plants.
Journal ArticleDOI

Engineering Arabidopsis long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 9 variants with enhanced enzyme activity.

TL;DR: Increases the size of acyl-CoA pool by enhancing LACS activity appears to be a useful approach to improve the production and modify the composition of fatty acid-derived compounds, such as triacylglycerol.
Journal ArticleDOI

Advances and Challenges in Bacterial Spot Resistance Breeding in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.).

TL;DR: The genomics-assisted breeding, effectors-based genomics breeding, and genome editing technology could be novel approaches to achieve durable resistance to bacterial spot in tomato with future prospectives with novel breeding approaches.
Journal ArticleDOI

Virus-induced gene silencing database for phenomics and functional genomics in Nicotiana benthamiana.

TL;DR: A VIGS phenomics and functional genomics database (VPGD) is developed that has DNA sequence information derived from over 4,000 N. benthamiana VigS clones along with the associated silencing phenotype for approximately 1,300 genes and has a built‐in BLAST search feature that providessilencing phenotype information of specific genes.
Patent

Engineered crispr-cas9 compositions and methods of use

TL;DR: In this paper, a variety of engineered Type II CRISPR-Cas9-associated split-nexus polynucleotide (sn-casPNs) systems are described.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

A programmable dual-RNA-guided DNA endonuclease in adaptive bacterial immunity.

TL;DR: This study reveals a family of endonucleases that use dual-RNAs for site-specific DNA cleavage and highlights the potential to exploit the system for RNA-programmable genome editing.
Journal ArticleDOI

Multiplex Genome Engineering Using CRISPR/Cas Systems

TL;DR: The type II prokaryotic CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas adaptive immune system has been shown to facilitate RNA-guided site-specific DNA cleavage as discussed by the authors.

Multiplex Genome Engineering Using CRISPR/Cas Systems

TL;DR: Two different type II CRISPR/Cas systems are engineered and it is demonstrated that Cas9 nucleases can be directed by short RNAs to induce precise cleavage at endogenous genomic loci in human and mouse cells, demonstrating easy programmability and wide applicability of the RNA-guided nuclease technology.
Journal ArticleDOI

RNA-Guided Human Genome Engineering via Cas9

TL;DR: The type II bacterial CRISPR system is engineer to function with custom guide RNA (gRNA) in human cells to establish an RNA-guided editing tool for facile, robust, and multiplexable human genome engineering.
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