Journal ArticleDOI
Review of Battery Charger Topologies, Charging Power Levels, and Infrastructure for Plug-In Electric and Hybrid Vehicles
Murat Yilmaz,Philip T. Krein +1 more
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In this paper, the authors present the current status and implementation of battery chargers, charging power levels, and infrastructure for plug-in electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles and classify them into off-board and on-board types with unidirectional or bidirectional power flow.Abstract:
This paper reviews the current status and implementation of battery chargers, charging power levels, and infrastructure for plug-in electric vehicles and hybrids. Charger systems are categorized into off-board and on-board types with unidirectional or bidirectional power flow. Unidirectional charging limits hardware requirements and simplifies interconnection issues. Bidirectional charging supports battery energy injection back to the grid. Typical on-board chargers restrict power because of weight, space, and cost constraints. They can be integrated with the electric drive to avoid these problems. The availability of charging infrastructure reduces on-board energy storage requirements and costs. On-board charger systems can be conductive or inductive. An off-board charger can be designed for high charging rates and is less constrained by size and weight. Level 1 (convenience), Level 2 (primary), and Level 3 (fast) power levels are discussed. Future aspects such as roadbed charging are presented. Various power level chargers and infrastructure configurations are presented, compared, and evaluated based on amount of power, charging time and location, cost, equipment, and other factors.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Charging time and loss optimization for LiNMC and LiFePO4 batteries based on equivalent circuit models
TL;DR: In this article, a dual-objective optimal charging strategy for two types of Li-ion batteries, which considers the conflict objectives of charging time and charging loss, is presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Survey on the Electric Vehicle Routing Problem: Variants and Solution Approaches
Tomislav Erdelic,Tonči Carić +1 more
TL;DR: The challenges that emerged with the integration of electric vehicles in the delivery processes are described, together with electric vehicle characteristics and recent energy consumption models.
Journal ArticleDOI
Inductive Power Transfer for Electric Vehicle Charging: Technical challenges and tradeoffs
Roman Bosshard,Johann W. Kolar +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors have shown that electric vehicles (EVs) and plug-in hybrid EVs have a smaller CO2 footprint compared to traditional vehicles that rely exclusively on internal combustion engines and that the total cost of ownership over the lifetime of an EV is lower than that of a traditional vehicle, despite the higher initial purchase price.
Journal ArticleDOI
A hybrid stochastic fractal search and pattern search technique based cascade PI-PD controller for automatic generation control of multi-source power systems in presence of plug in electric vehicles
Sasmita Padhy,Sidhartha Panda +1 more
TL;DR: It is seen from the comparative analysis that hSFS-PS tuned PI-PD controller in single and multi-area with multi sources improves the system frequency stability in complicated situations.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Bidirectional Battery Charger With Modular Integrated Charge Equalization Circuit
TL;DR: In this paper, a bidirectional structure with two operation modes for a modular battery stack is developed, which has active and reactive control capabilities during grid to vehicle and vehicle to grid operations.
References
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The Impact of Charging Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles on a Residential Distribution Grid
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a coordinated charging strategy to minimize the power losses and to maximize the main grid load factor of the plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs).
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Vehicle-to-grid power fundamentals: Calculating capacity and net revenue
Willett Kempton,Jasna Tomić +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors defined the three vehicle types that can produce V2G power and the power markets they can sell into, and developed equations to calculate the capacity for grid power from three types of electric drive vehicles.
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A review of single-phase improved power quality AC-DC converters
TL;DR: This paper presents an exhaustive review of three-phase improved power quality AC-DC converters configurations, control strategies, selection of components, comparative factors, recent trends, their suitability, and selection for specific applications.
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