Journal ArticleDOI
Review of Battery Charger Topologies, Charging Power Levels, and Infrastructure for Plug-In Electric and Hybrid Vehicles
Murat Yilmaz,Philip T. Krein +1 more
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In this paper, the authors present the current status and implementation of battery chargers, charging power levels, and infrastructure for plug-in electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles and classify them into off-board and on-board types with unidirectional or bidirectional power flow.Abstract:
This paper reviews the current status and implementation of battery chargers, charging power levels, and infrastructure for plug-in electric vehicles and hybrids. Charger systems are categorized into off-board and on-board types with unidirectional or bidirectional power flow. Unidirectional charging limits hardware requirements and simplifies interconnection issues. Bidirectional charging supports battery energy injection back to the grid. Typical on-board chargers restrict power because of weight, space, and cost constraints. They can be integrated with the electric drive to avoid these problems. The availability of charging infrastructure reduces on-board energy storage requirements and costs. On-board charger systems can be conductive or inductive. An off-board charger can be designed for high charging rates and is less constrained by size and weight. Level 1 (convenience), Level 2 (primary), and Level 3 (fast) power levels are discussed. Future aspects such as roadbed charging are presented. Various power level chargers and infrastructure configurations are presented, compared, and evaluated based on amount of power, charging time and location, cost, equipment, and other factors.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Optimized sizing of photovoltaic grid‐connected electric vehicle charging system using particle swarm optimization
Abdul Rauf Bhatti,Abdul Rauf Bhatti,Zainal Salam,Beenish Sultana,Nadia Rasheed,Ahmed Bilal Awan,U. Sultana,Muhammad Younas +7 more
Journal ArticleDOI
Small-Signal Stability Assessment and Active Stabilization of a Bidirectional Battery Charger
TL;DR: A virtual-resistor-based active damping control strategy that does not require any additional sensors is explored for the ac–dc converter to stabilize the cascaded system under all operating modes irrespective of the power flow direction.
Journal ArticleDOI
Topology and Control Scheme of OBC–LDC Integrated Power Unit for Electric Vehicles
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed an integrated low-voltage dc-dc converter and onboard battery charger for electric vehicles (xEVs) that share heatsinks, terminals, sensing circuits, and circuit components between both parts.
Journal ArticleDOI
Efficiency Optimization for Wireless Dynamic Charging System With Overlapped DD Coil Arrays
Abstract: Wireless dynamic charging is one of the most promising power supply methods for electric vehicles (EVs), which can reduce battery volume and extend EVs’ range. Stable output power and high system efficiency are two of the most important features for practical applications of wireless dynamic charging. For the low-speed application scenarios of dynamic charging, an efficiency optimization method is proposed to improve the system efficiency while regulating the output voltage. Two overlapped DD coils are employed to generate an enhanced magnetic field without dead points. An optimized current control method is proposed to adjust the direction and the ratio of the two transmitter currents as the receiver moves along the track, dynamically. By applying this method, the efficiency of dynamic charging system can be optimized while the output power can be regulated to the desired value at the same time. A 600 W prototype is established to validate the performance of the proposed method. The experimental results show that the system efficiency for dynamic charging reaches 88.3%–90.4% with the proposed method. The maximum efficiency improvement of proposed algorithm is 2.3% compared to that with the same energized currents for both DD coils.
Journal ArticleDOI
Charging infrastructure for electric vehicles in Multi-Unit Residential Buildings: Mapping feedbacks and policy recommendations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explored the challenges and decision-making processes involved in the installation of EV charging infrastructure in multi-unit residential buildings in British Columbia from the perspective of different stakeholders.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The Impact of Charging Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles on a Residential Distribution Grid
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a coordinated charging strategy to minimize the power losses and to maximize the main grid load factor of the plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs).
Journal ArticleDOI
Vehicle-to-grid power fundamentals: Calculating capacity and net revenue
Willett Kempton,Jasna Tomić +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors defined the three vehicle types that can produce V2G power and the power markets they can sell into, and developed equations to calculate the capacity for grid power from three types of electric drive vehicles.
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Modern Electric, Hybrid Electric, and Fuel Cell Vehicles
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an introduction to automotive technology, with specic reference to battery electric, hybrid electric, and fuel cell electric vehicles, in which the profound knowledge, mathematical modeling, simulations, and control are clearly presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
A review of single-phase improved power quality AC-DC converters
TL;DR: This paper presents an exhaustive review of three-phase improved power quality AC-DC converters configurations, control strategies, selection of components, comparative factors, recent trends, their suitability, and selection for specific applications.
Journal ArticleDOI
Multilevel converters for large electric drives
TL;DR: Simulation and experimental results show the superiority of the back-to-back diode-clamped converter over two-level pulsewidth-modulation-based drives.
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