Journal ArticleDOI
Role of plant polyphenols in genomic stability.
TLDR
A small number of adequately controlled human intervention studies suggest that some, but not allpolyphenol extracts or high polyphenol diets may lead to transitory changes in the antioxidative capacity of plasma in humans, but none of these studies have adequately considered long-term effects on DNA or the chromosome.Abstract:
Polyphenols are a large and diverse class of compounds, many of which occur naturally in a range of food plants. The flavonoids are the largest and best-studied group of these. A range of plant polyphenols are either being actively developed or currently sold as dietary supplements and/or herbal remedies. Although, these compounds play no known role in nutrition (non-nutrients), many of them have properties including antioxidant, anti-mutagenic, anti-oestrogenic, anti-carcinogenic and anti-inflammatory effects that might potentially be beneficial in preventing disease and protecting the stability of the genome. However not all polyphenols and not all actions of individual polyphenols are necessarily beneficial. Some have mutagenic and/or pro-oxidant effects, as well as interfering with essential biochemical pathways including topoisomerase enzyme activities, prostanoid biosynthesis and signal transduction. There is a very large amount of in vitro data available, but far fewer animal studies, and these are not necessarily predictive of human effects because of differences in bacterial and hepatic metabolism of polyphenols between species. Epidemiological studies suggest that high green tea consumption in the Japanese population and moderate red wine consumption in the French population may be beneficial for heart disease and cancer, and these effects may relate to specific polyphenols. A small number of adequately controlled human intervention studies suggest that some, but not all polyphenol extracts or high polyphenol diets may lead to transitory changes in the antioxidative capacity of plasma in humans. However, none of these studies have adequately considered long-term effects on DNA or the chromosome and unequivocally associated these with polyphenol uptake. Furthermore, clinical trials have required intravenously administered polyphenols at concentrations around 1400mg/m(2) before effects are seen. These plasma concentrations are unlikely to be achieved using the dietary supplements currently available. More focused human studies are necessary before recommending specific polyphenolic supplements at specific doses in the human population.read more
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Small molecule activators of sirtuins extend Saccharomyces cerevisiae lifespan
Konrad T. Howitz,Kevin J. Bitterman,Haim Y. Cohen,Dudley W. Lamming,Siva Lavu,Jason G. Wood,Robert E. Zipkin,Phuong Chung,Anne Kisielewski,Li-Li Zhang,Brandy Scherer,David A. Sinclair +11 more
TL;DR: The potent activator resveratrol, a polyphenol found in red wine, lowers the Michaelis constant of SIRT1 for both the acetylated substrate and NAD+, and increases cell survival by stimulating Sirt1-dependent deacetylation of p53.
Journal ArticleDOI
Phenolic compounds in plants and agri-industrial by-products: Antioxidant activity, occurrence, and potential uses
TL;DR: Phenolic compounds, ubiquitous in plants are an essential part of the human diet, and are of considerable interest due to their antioxidant properties as mentioned in this paper, and their structures may range from a simple phenolic molecule to a complex high-molecular weight polymer.
Journal ArticleDOI
Plant Polyphenols: Chemical Properties, Biological Activities, and Synthesis
TL;DR: This Review gives answers from a chemical perspective, summarizes the state of the art, and highlights the most significant advances in the field of polyphenol research.
Journal ArticleDOI
Phenolics as potential antioxidant therapeutic agents: mechanism and actions.
Muhammad A. Soobrattee,Vidushi S. Neergheen,Amitabye Luximon-Ramma,Okezie I. Aruoma,Theeshan Bahorun +4 more
TL;DR: Plant-derived phenolics represents good sources of natural antioxidants, however, further investigation on the molecular mechanism of action of these phytochemicals is crucial to the evaluation of their potential as prophylactic agents.
Journal ArticleDOI
Radical scavenging and antioxidant activity of tannic acid
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the in vitro radical scavenging and antioxidant capacity of tannic acid by using different in vitro analytical methodologies such as 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl free radical (DPPH ) scavenging, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) activity, total antioxidant activity determination by ferric thiocyanate, total reducing ability determination using by Fe3+−Fe2+ transformation
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Dietary antioxidant flavonoids and risk of coronary heart disease: the Zutphen Elderly Study.
TL;DR: Flavonoids in regularly consumed foods may reduce the risk of death from coronary heart disease in elderly men and showed an inverse relation with incidence of myocardial infarction.
Journal ArticleDOI
Interaction of estrogenic chemicals and phytoestrogens with estrogen receptor beta.
George G. J. M. Kuiper,J.G. Lemmen,Bo Carlsson,J. Christopher Corton,Stephen Safe,Paul T. van der Saag,Bart van der Burg,Jan-Åke Gustafsson +7 more
TL;DR: The estrogenic activity of environmental chemicals and phytoestrogens in competition binding assays with ERα or ERβ protein, and in a transient gene expression assay using cells in which an acute estrogenic response is created by cotransfecting cultures with recombinant human ERβ complementary DNA (cDNA) in the presence of an estrogen-dependent reporter plasmid are investigated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Polyphenols: Chemistry, Dietary Sources, Metabolism, and Nutritional Significance
TL;DR: An overview of the nutritional effects of the main groups of polyphenolic compounds, including their metabolism, effects on nutrient bioavailability, and antioxidant activity, is offered, as well as a brief description of the chemistry ofpolyphenols and their occurrence in plant foods.
Journal ArticleDOI
The glutathione S-transferase supergene family: regulation of GST and the contribution of the isoenzymes to cancer chemoprotection and drug resistance.
John D. Hayes,David J. Pulford +1 more
TL;DR: The biochemical functions of GST are described to show how individual isoenzymes contribute to resistance to carcinogens, antitumor drugs, environmental pollutants, and products of oxidative stress, and to allow identification of factors that may modulate resistance to specific noxious chemicals.
Journal ArticleDOI
Wine, alcohol, platelets, and the French paradox for coronary heart disease
Serge Renaud,M de Lorgeril +1 more
TL;DR: Data from Caerphilly, Wales, show that platelet aggregation, which is related to CHD, is inhibited significantly by alcohol at levels of intake associated with reduced risk of CHD.