Schizophrenia and Autism: Both Shared and Disorder-Specific Pathogenesis Via Perinatal Inflammation?
TLDR
Current evidence from human and animal studies supporting the hypothesis that the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and autism is linked via exposure to inflammation at early stages of development are summarized and a hypothetical model in which inflammatory mechanisms may account for multiple shared and disorder-specific pathological characteristics of both entities is proposed.Citations
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Transcriptome-wide isoform-level dysregulation in ASD, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder
Michael J. Gandal,Pan Zhang,Evi Hadjimichael,Rebecca L. Walker,Chao Chen,Shuang Liu,Hyejung Won,Harm van Bakel,Merina Varghese,Yongjun Wang,Annie W. Shieh,Jillian R. Haney,Sepideh Parhami,Judson Belmont,Minsoo Kim,Patricia Moran Losada,Zenab Khan,Justyna Mleczko,Yan Xia,Yan Xia,Rujia Dai,Rujia Dai,Daifeng Wang,Yucheng T. Yang,Min Xu,Kenneth N. Fish,Patrick R. Hof,Jonathan Warrell,Dominic Fitzgerald,Kevin P. White,Andrew E. Jaffe,Mette A. Peters,Mark Gerstein,Chunyu Liu,Chunyu Liu,Chunyu Liu,Lilia M. Iakoucheva,Dalila Pinto,Daniel H. Geschwind +38 more
TL;DR: This work integrated genotypes and RNA sequencing in brain samples from 1695 individuals with autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder, as well as controls to identify causal drivers and define a mechanistic basis for the composite activity of genetic risk variants.
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Maternal immune activation: Implications for neuropsychiatric disorders
TL;DR: Common principles revealed by maternal immune activation models are described, highlighting recent findings that strengthen their relevance for schizophrenia and autism and are starting to reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of MIA on offspring.
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The role of inflammation in perinatal brain injury
Henrik Hagberg,Henrik Hagberg,Carina Mallard,Donna M. Ferriero,Susan J. Vannucci,Steven W. Levison,Zinaida S. Vexler,Pierre Gressens +7 more
TL;DR: Important differences in innate and adaptive immunity in immature versus adult brain are highlighted, which support the notion that the consequences of inflammation will be entirely different depending on context and stage of CNS development.
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Regulation of the immune system by biodiversity from the natural environment: An ecosystem service essential to health
TL;DR: It is suggested that the requirement for microbial input from the environment to drive immunoregulation is a major component of the beneficial effect of green space, and a neglected ecosystem service that is essential for the authors' well-being.
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Prenatal poly(i:C) exposure and other developmental immune activation models in rodent systems
TL;DR: Converging findings from recent experimental attempts suggest that prenatal infection can act as a "neurodevelopmental disease primer" that is likely relevant for a number of chronic mental illnesses.
References
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From inflammation to sickness and depression: when the immune system subjugates the brain
TL;DR: In response to a peripheral infection, innate immune cells produce pro-inflammatory cytokines that act on the brain to cause sickness behaviour, which can lead to an exacerbation of sickness and the development of symptoms of depression in vulnerable individuals.
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A review of MRI findings in schizophrenia
TL;DR: The 193 peer reviewed MRI studies reported in the current review span the period from 1988 to August, 2000 and have led to more definitive findings of brain abnormalities in schizophrenia than any other time period in the history of schizophrenia research.
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Resolution of inflammation: the beginning programs the end.
Charles N. Serhan,John Savill +1 more
TL;DR: Emerging evidence now suggests that an active, coordinated program of resolution initiates in the first few hours after an inflammatory response begins, and the mechanism required for inflammation resolution may underpin the development of drugs that can resolve inflammatory processes in directed and controlled ways.
Journal ArticleDOI
Schizophrenia genes, gene expression, and neuropathology: on the matter of their convergence.
TL;DR: This review critically summarizes the neuropathology and genetics of schizophrenia, the relationship between them, and speculates on their functional convergence via an influence upon synaptic plasticity and the development and stabilization of cortical microcircuitry.
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Neuroglial activation and neuroinflammation in the brain of patients with autism
Diana L. Vargas,Caterina Nascimbene,Caterina Nascimbene,Chitra Krishnan,Andrew W. Zimmerman,Andrew W. Zimmerman,Carlos A. Pardo +6 more
TL;DR: It is indicated that innate neuroimmune reactions play a pathogenic role in an undefined proportion of autistic patients, suggesting that future therapies might involve modifying neuroglial responses in the brain.
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