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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

Selection of resistant bacteria at very low antibiotic concentrations.

TLDR
It is suggested that the low antibiotic concentrations found in many natural environments are important for enrichment and maintenance of resistance in bacterial populations.
Abstract
The widespread use of antibiotics is selecting for a variety of resistance mechanisms that seriously challenge our ability to treat bacterial infections. Resistant bacteria can be selected at the high concentrations of antibiotics used therapeutically, but what role the much lower antibiotic concentrations present in many environments plays in selection remains largely unclear. Here we show using highly sensitive competition experiments that selection of resistant bacteria occurs at extremely low antibiotic concentrations. Thus, for three clinically important antibiotics, drug concentrations up to several hundred-fold below the minimal inhibitory concentration of susceptible bacteria could enrich for resistant bacteria, even when present at a very low initial fraction. We also show that de novo mutants can be selected at sub-MIC concentrations of antibiotics, and we provide a mathematical model predicting how rapidly such mutants would take over in a susceptible population. These results add another dimension to the evolution of resistance and suggest that the low antibiotic concentrations found in many natural environments are important for enrichment and maintenance of resistance in bacterial populations.

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Citations
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Ecological Nutrition: Redefining Healthy Food in Health Care

TL;DR: This work sheds light on the question of whether the alternative agrifood movement can effectively scale up to meet institutional demand without losing sight of the social, health, and environmental values that brought it into being.
DissertationDOI

Antibiotic resistance reservoirs: the cases of sponge and human gut microbiota

TL;DR: It was found that clinically relevant antibiotic resistance genes are expressed in a broad range of environmental niches including human, mouse and pig gut microbiota, sea bacterioplankton, a marine sponge, forest soil and sub-seafloor sediment and that many novel bacterial taxa can still be isolated by conventional cultivation methods.
Journal ArticleDOI

Tetracycline accumulation in biofilms enhances the selection pressure on Escherichia coli for expression of antibiotic resistance.

TL;DR: In this article , an E. coli bioreporter was used to develop biofilms on glass and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) surfaces, and compared with the corresponding planktonic bacteria in antibiotic resistance expression when exposed to a range of μg/L levels of tetracycline.
Journal ArticleDOI

Are subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics the only culprit of antibiotic resistance

TL;DR: Consumption of antibiotics and antifungals alone cannot explain the selection of resistant bacterial and fungal mutants and other factors have to be investigated.

Mechanisms and Dynamics of Carbapenem Resistance in Escherichia coli

Marlen Adler
TL;DR: The combination of ESBL production and porin loss in E. coli can result in reduced susceptibility to ertapenem, and inappropriate use of ertAPenem should be avoided to minimize the risk of selection of ES BL-producing bacteria with reducing susceptibility to carbapenems.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Stochastic Gene Expression in a Single Cell

TL;DR: This work constructed strains of Escherichia coli that enable detection of noise and discrimination between the two mechanisms by which it is generated and reveals how low intracellular copy numbers of molecules can fundamentally limit the precision of gene regulation.
Journal ArticleDOI

Antibiotics in the aquatic environment - A review - Part II

TL;DR: This review brings up important questions that are still open, and addresses some significant issues which must be tackled in the future for a better understanding of the behavior of antibiotics in the environment, as well as the risks associated with their occurrence.
Journal ArticleDOI

Heavy use of prophylactic antibiotics in aquaculture: a growing problem for human and animal health and for the environment

TL;DR: Global efforts are needed to promote more judicious use of prophylactic antibiotics in aquaculture as accumulating evidence indicates that unrestricted use is detrimental to fish, terrestrial animals, and human health and the environment.
Journal ArticleDOI

Antibiotic resistance and its cost: is it possible to reverse resistance?

TL;DR: The findings suggest that the fitness costs of resistance will allow susceptible bacteria to outcompete resistant bacteria if the selective pressure from antibiotics is reduced, and that the rate of reversibility will be slow at the community level.
Journal ArticleDOI

Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in natural environments.

TL;DR: The large majority of antibiotics currently used for treating infections and the antibiotic resistance genes acquired by human pathogens each have an environmental origin and the function of these elements in their environmental reservoirs may be very distinct from the “weapon-shield” role they play in clinical settings.
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