Sex chromosome-to-autosome transposition events counter Y-chromosome gene loss in mammals
Jennifer F. Hughes,Helen Skaletsky,Helen Skaletsky,Natalia Koutseva,Tatyana Pyntikova,David C. Page,David C. Page +6 more
TLDR
Findings indicate that Y-linked gene loss emerges as an additional driver of gene transposition from the sex chromosomes, a phenomenon thought to be driven primarily by meiotic sex chromosome inactivation, and is widespread among mammalian species.Abstract:
Although the mammalian X and Y chromosomes evolved from a single pair of autosomes, they are highly differentiated: the Y chromosome is dramatically smaller than the X and has lost most of its genes. The surviving genes are a specialized set with extraordinary evolutionary longevity. Most mammalian lineages have experienced delayed, or relatively recent, loss of at least one conserved Y-linked gene. An extreme example of this phenomenon is in the Japanese spiny rat, where the Y chromosome has disappeared altogether. In this species, many Y-linked genes were rescued by transposition to new genomic locations, but until our work presented here, this has been considered an isolated case. We describe eight cases of genes that have relocated to autosomes in mammalian lineages where the corresponding Y-linked gene has been lost. These gene transpositions originated from either the X or Y chromosomes, and are observed in diverse mammalian lineages: occurring at least once in marsupials, apes, and cattle, and at least twice in rodents and marmoset. For two genes - EIF1AX/Y and RPS4X/Y - transposition to autosomes occurred independently in three distinct lineages. Rescue of Y-linked gene loss through transposition to autosomes has previously been reported for a single isolated rodent species. However, our findings indicate that this compensatory mechanism is widespread among mammalian species. Thus, Y-linked gene loss emerges as an additional driver of gene transposition from the sex chromosomes, a phenomenon thought to be driven primarily by meiotic sex chromosome inactivation.read more
Citations
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Mammalian Y chromosomes retain widely expressed dosage-sensitive regulators
Jennifer F. Hughes,Helen Skaletsky,Laura G. Brown,Tatyana Pyntikova,Ting-Jan Cho,Natalia Koutseva,Sara Zaghlul,Tina Graves,Susie Rock,Colin Kremitzki,Robert S. Fulton,Shannon Dugan,Yan Ding,Donna Morton,Ziad Khan,Lora Lewis,Christian J. Buhay,Qiaoyan Wang,Jennifer Watt,Michael Holder,Sandy Lee,Lynne V. Nazareth,Jessica Alföldi,Steve Rozen,Donna M. Muzny,Wesley C. Warren,Richard A. Gibbs,Rick K. Wilson,Daniel W. Bellott,David C. Page +29 more
TL;DR: This article reconstructed the evolution of the Y chromosome across eight mammals to identify biases in gene content and the selective pressures that preserved the surviving ancestral genes, and concluded that the gene content of Y chromosome became specialized through selection to maintain the ancestral dosage of homologous X-Y gene pairs that function as broadly expressed regulators of transcription, translation and protein stability.
Journal ArticleDOI
Engineering resistance against Tomato yellow leaf curl virus via the CRISPR/Cas9 system in tomato
TL;DR: The results confirmed the efficiency of the CRISPR/Cas9 system for stable engineering of TYLCV resistance in N. benthamiana and tomato, and opens the possibilities of engineering virus resistance against single and multiple infectious viruses in other crops.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sex Chromosome Evolution: So Many Exceptions to the Rules.
Benjamin L. S. Furman,David C. H. Metzger,Iulia Darolti,Alison E. Wright,Benjamin A. Sandkam,Pedro Almeida,Jacelyn J. Shu,Judith E. Mank,Judith E. Mank +8 more
TL;DR: How the diversity in sex chromosomes across taxa highlights an equal diversity in each stage of sex chromosome evolution is concentrated on.
Journal ArticleDOI
Horse Y chromosome assembly displays unique evolutionary features and putative stallion fertility genes.
Jan E. Janecka,Brian W. Davis,Sharmila Ghosh,Nandina Paria,P. J. Das,Ludovic Orlando,Ludovic Orlando,Mikkel Schubert,Martin K. Nielsen,Tom A.E. Stout,Wesley A. Brashear,Gang Li,Charles D. Johnson,Richard P. Metz,Al Muatasim Al Zadjali,Charles C. Love,Dickson D. Varner,Daniel W. Bellott,William J. Murphy,Bhanu P. Chowdhary,Bhanu P. Chowdhary,Terje Raudsepp +21 more
TL;DR: This study presents an annotated assembly of the male specific region of the horse Y chromosome (eMSY), representing the first comprehensive Y assembly in odd-toed ungulates and provides a reference sequence for improved understanding of equine male development and fertility.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dosage compensation of the sex chromosomes and autosomes.
TL;DR: This review will consider the evidence for dosage compensation and the molecular mechanisms implicated, and several modes of dosage compensation have evolved.
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Helen Skaletsky,Tomoko Kuroda-Kawaguchi,Patrick Minx,Holland S. Cordum,LaDeana W. Hillier,Laura G. Brown,Sjoerd Repping,Tatyana Pyntikova,Johar Ali,Tamberlyn Bieri,Asif T. Chinwalla,Andrew Delehaunty,Kim D. Delehaunty,Hui Du,Ginger A. Fewell,Lucinda Fulton,Robert S. Fulton,Tina Graves,Shunfang Hou,Philip Latrielle,Shawn Leonard,Elaine R. Mardis,Rachel Maupin,John Douglas Mcpherson,Tracie L. Miner,William E. Nash,Christine Nguyen,Philip Ozersky,Kymberlie H. Pepin,Susan M. Rock,Tracy Rohlfing,Kelsi Scott,Brian Schultz,Cindy Strong,Aye Mon Tin-Wollam,Shiaw-Pyng Yang,Robert H. Waterston,Richard K. Wilson,Steve Rozen,David C. Page +39 more
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