The endocannabinoid system links gut microbiota to adipogenesis
Giulio G. Muccioli,Damien Naslain,Fredrik Bäckhed,Christopher S. Reigstad,Didier M. Lambert,Nathalie M. Delzenne,Patrice D. Cani +6 more
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TLDR
It is reported that gut microbiota modulate the intestinal eCB system tone, which in turn regulates gut permeability and plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels, and shows that LPS acts as a master switch to control adipose tissue metabolism both in vivo and ex vivo by blocking cannabinoid‐driven adipogenesis.Abstract:
Obesity is characterised by altered gut microbiota, low-grade inflammation and increased endocannabinoid (eCB) system tone; however, a clear connection between gut microbiota and eCB signalling has yet to be confirmed. Here, we report that gut microbiota modulate the intestinal eCB system tone, which in turn regulates gut permeability and plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels. The impact of the increased plasma LPS levels and eCB system tone found in obesity on adipose tissue metabolism (e.g. differentiation and lipogenesis) remains unknown. By interfering with the eCB system using CB1 agonist and antagonist in lean and obese mouse models, we found that the eCB system controls gut permeability and adipogenesis. We also show that LPS acts as a master switch to control adipose tissue metabolism both in vivo and ex vivo by blocking cannabinoid-driven adipogenesis. These data indicate that gut microbiota determine adipose tissue physiology through LPS-eCB system regulatory loops and may have critical functions in adipose tissue plasticity during obesity.read more
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Host-Gut Microbiota Metabolic Interactions
Jeremy K. Nicholson,Elaine Holmes,James Kinross,Rémy Burcelin,Glenn R. Gibson,Wei Jia,Sven Pettersson +6 more
TL;DR: A deeper understanding of the axes that physiologically connect the gut, liver, muscle, and brain are a prerequisite for optimizing therapeutic strategies to manipulate the gut microbiota to combat disease and improve health.
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Cross-talk between Akkermansia muciniphila and intestinal epithelium controls diet-induced obesity
Amandine Everard,Clara Belzer,Lucie Geurts,Janneke P. Ouwerkerk,Céline Druart,Laure B. Bindels,Yves Guiot,Muriel Derrien,Giulio G. Muccioli,Nathalie M. Delzenne,Willem M. de Vos,Willem M. de Vos,Patrice D. Cani +12 more
TL;DR: Substantial insight is provided into the intricate mechanisms of bacterial regulation of the cross-talk between the host and gut microbiota and provides a rationale for the development of a treatment that uses this human mucus colonizer for the prevention or treatment of obesity and its associated metabolic disorders.
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The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis
John F. Cryan,Kenneth J. O’Riordan,Caitlin S. M. Cowan,Kiran V. Sandhu,Thomaz F.S. Bastiaanssen,Marcus Boehme,Martín Gabriel Codagnone,Sofia Cussotto,Christine Fülling,Anna V. Golubeva,Katherine E. Guzzetta,Minal Jaggar,Caitriona M. Long-Smith,Joshua M. Lyte,Jason A. Martin,Alicia Molinero-Perez,Gerard M. Moloney,Emanuela Morelli,Enrique Morillas,Rory C. O'Connor,Joana S Cruz-Pereira,Veronica L. Peterson,Kieran Rea,Nathaniel L. Ritz,Eoin Sherwin,Simon Spichak,Emily M. Teichman,Marcel van de Wouw,Ana Paula Ventura-Silva,Shauna E. Wallace-Fitzsimons,Niall P. Hyland,Gerard Clarke,Timothy G. Dinan +32 more
TL;DR: Future studies will focus on understanding the mechanisms underlying the microbiota-gut-brain axis and attempt to elucidate microbial-based intervention and therapeutic strategies for neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Short-chain Fatty Acids in Control of Body Weight and Insulin Sensitivity
TL;DR: This Review discusses the effects of three SCFA on energy homeostasis and metabolism, as well as how these SCFA can beneficially modulate adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and liver tissue function and the increasing evidence for a potential role of SCFA as metabolic targets to prevent and counteract obesity.
References
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Peter J. Turnbaugh,Ruth E. Ley,Michael A. Mahowald,Vincent Magrini,Elaine R. Mardis,Jeffrey I. Gordon +5 more
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Obesity alters gut microbial ecology
Ruth E. Ley,Fredrik Bäckhed,Peter J. Turnbaugh,Catherine A. Lozupone,Robin D. Knight,Jeffrey I. Gordon +5 more
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