The potential of C4 grasses for cellulosic biofuel production.
Tim van der Weijde,Claire Lessa Alvim Kamei,Andres F. Torres,Wilfred Vermerris,Wilfred Vermerris,Oene Dolstra,Richard G. F. Visser,Luisa M. Trindade +7 more
TLDR
The potential of five C4 grasses as lignocellulosic feedstock for biofuel production is discussed, and three important field crops—maize, sugarcane and sorghum—and two undomesticated perennial energy grasses—miscanthus and switchgrass are discussed.Abstract:
With the advent of biorefinery technologies enabling plant biomass to be processed into biofuel, many researchers set out to study and improve candidate biomass crops. Many of these candidates are C4 grasses, characterized by a high productivity and resource use efficiency. In this review the potential of five C4 grasses as lignocellulosic feedstock for biofuel production is discussed. These include three important field crops-maize, sugarcane and sorghum-and two undomesticated perennial energy grasses-miscanthus and switchgrass. Although all these grasses are high yielding, they produce different products. While miscanthus and switchgrass are exploited exclusively for lignocellulosic biomass, maize, sorghum, and sugarcane are dual-purpose crops. It is unlikely that all the prerequisites for the sustainable and economic production of biomass for a global cellulosic biofuel industry will be fulfilled by a single crop. High and stable yields of lignocellulose are required in diverse environments worldwide, to sustain a year-round production of biofuel. A high resource use efficiency is indispensable to allow cultivation with minimal inputs of nutrients and water and the exploitation of marginal soils for biomass production. Finally, the lignocellulose composition of the feedstock should be optimized to allow its efficient conversion into biofuel and other by-products. Breeding for these objectives should encompass diverse crops, to meet the demands of local biorefineries and provide adaptability to different environments. Collectively, these C4 grasses are likely to play a central role in the supply of lignocellulose for the cellulosic ethanol industry. Moreover, as these species are evolutionary closely related, advances in each of these crops will expedite improvements in the other crops. This review aims to provide an overview of their potential, prospects and research needs as lignocellulose feedstocks for the commercial production of biofuel.read more
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The Cell Wall
TL;DR: The known cases of secondary thickening in recent Pteridophyta have been brought together by HILL23 in a useful resume and Botrychium and Ophioglossum, which lacks a definite layer, are described.
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Fuel ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass: an overview on feedstocks and technological approaches.
Hossain M. Zabed,Hossain M. Zabed,Jaya Narayan Sahu,Jaya Narayan Sahu,Amru Nasrulhaq Boyce,Golam Faruq +5 more
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Bioethanol production from renewable sources: Current perspectives and technological progress
Hossain M. Zabed,Hossain M. Zabed,Jaya Narayan Sahu,Jaya Narayan Sahu,A. Suely,Amru Nasrulhaq Boyce,Golam Faruq +6 more
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Energy Sorghum—a genetic model for the design of C4 grass bioenergy crops
John E. Mullet,Daryl T. Morishige,Ryan F. McCormick,Sandra K. Truong,Josie Hilley,Brian McKinley,Robert Anderson,Sara N. Olson,William L. Rooney +8 more
TL;DR: The current trajectory of energy Sorghum genetic improvement indicates that it will be possible to sustainably produce biofuels from C4 grass bioenergy crops that are cost competitive with petroleum-based transportation fuels.
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