Journal ArticleDOI
The role of pattern-recognition receptors in innate immunity: update on Toll-like receptors
Taro Kawai,Shizuo Akira +1 more
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TLDR
Recent advances that have been made by research into the role of TLR biology in host defense and disease are described.Abstract:
The discovery of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) as components that recognize conserved structures in pathogens has greatly advanced understanding of how the body senses pathogen invasion, triggers innate immune responses and primes antigen-specific adaptive immunity. Although TLRs are critical for host defense, it has become apparent that loss of negative regulation of TLR signaling, as well as recognition of self molecules by TLRs, are strongly associated with the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, it is now clear that the interaction between TLRs and recently identified cytosolic innate immune sensors is crucial for mounting effective immune responses. Here we describe the recent advances that have been made by research into the role of TLR biology in host defense and disease.read more
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Pathogenetic importance and therapeutic implications of NF-κB in lymphoid malignancies
TL;DR: A number of drugs that block signaling cascades leading to NF-κB are in early phase clinical trials, several of which are already showing activity in lymphoid malignancies.
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The emergence of COVID-19 as a global pandemic: Understanding the epidemiology, immune response and potential therapeutic targets of SARS-CoV-2.
TL;DR: The epidemiology, entry mechanism, immune response, and therapeutic implications, possible drug targets, their ongoing clinical trials, and vital questions are put forward to offer new directions to the COVID-19 research are summarized.
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A primitive Toll-like receptor signaling pathway in mollusk Zhikong scallop Chlamys farreri.
Mengqiang Wang,Jialong Yang,Zhi Zhou,Limei Qiu,Lingling Wang,Huan Zhang,Yang Gao,Xingqiang Wang,Li Zhang,Jianmin Zhao,Linsheng Song +10 more
TL;DR: Results collectively favored that a rather canonical MyD88-dependent TLR pathway existed in scallop and this pathway was involved in immune signaling to active the diverse downstream reaction including anti-oxidant, anti-bacteria and apoptosis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Toll-like receptors and damage-associated molecular patterns: novel links between inflammation and hypertension.
Cameron G. McCarthy,Styliani Goulopoulou,Camilla F Wenceslau,Kathryn M. Spitler,Takayuki Matsumoto,R. Clinton Webb +5 more
TL;DR: The role of Toll-like receptor activation on somatic cells of the vasculature in response to the release of DAMPs and the consequences of this activation on inflammation, vasoreactivity, and vascular remodeling will be specifically discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Interaction of Pattern Recognition Receptors with Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Esmaeil Mortaz,Ian M. Adcock,Payam Tabarsi,Mohammad Reza Masjedi,Davood Mansouri,Ali Akbar Velayati,Jean-Laurent Casanova,Peter J. Barnes +7 more
TL;DR: An update on PRR signaling during M. tuberculosis infection is provided and how greater knowledge of these pathways may lead to new therapeutic opportunities is indicated.
References
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Pathogen Recognition and Innate Immunity
TL;DR: New insights into innate immunity are changing the way the way the authors think about pathogenesis and the treatment of infectious diseases, allergy, and autoimmunity.
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Innate Immune Recognition
TL;DR: Microbial recognition by Toll-like receptors helps to direct adaptive immune responses to antigens derived from microbial pathogens to distinguish infectious nonself from noninfectious self.
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Toll-like receptors: critical proteins linking innate and acquired immunity.
TL;DR: Evidence is accumulating that the signaling pathways associated with each TLR are not identical and may, therefore, result in different biological responses.
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NF-κB-dependent induction of microRNA miR-146, an inhibitor targeted to signaling proteins of innate immune responses
TL;DR: A role is proposed for miR-146 in control of Toll-like receptor and cytokine signaling through a negative feedback regulation loop involving down-regulation of IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 and TNF receptor- associated factor 6 protein levels.
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The Inflammasomes: Guardians of the Body
TL;DR: The role of NLRs, and in particular the inflammasomes, in the recognition of microbial and danger components and the role they play in health and disease are discussed.