Journal ArticleDOI
The role of pattern-recognition receptors in innate immunity: update on Toll-like receptors
Taro Kawai,Shizuo Akira +1 more
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TLDR
Recent advances that have been made by research into the role of TLR biology in host defense and disease are described.Abstract:
The discovery of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) as components that recognize conserved structures in pathogens has greatly advanced understanding of how the body senses pathogen invasion, triggers innate immune responses and primes antigen-specific adaptive immunity. Although TLRs are critical for host defense, it has become apparent that loss of negative regulation of TLR signaling, as well as recognition of self molecules by TLRs, are strongly associated with the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, it is now clear that the interaction between TLRs and recently identified cytosolic innate immune sensors is crucial for mounting effective immune responses. Here we describe the recent advances that have been made by research into the role of TLR biology in host defense and disease.read more
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NF-κB signaling in inflammation
TL;DR: This review will discuss the activation and function of NF-κB in association with inflammatory diseases and highlight the development of therapeutic strategies based on NF-σB inhibition.
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The origin, transmission and clinical therapies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak - an update on the status.
Yan Rong Guo,Qing Dong Cao,Zhong Si Hong,Yuan Yang Tan,Shoudeng Chen,Hong Jun Jin,Kai Sen Tan,De Yun Wang,Yan Yan +8 more
TL;DR: The latest research progress of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 are summarized, and the current treatment and scientific advancements to combat the epidemic novel coronavirus are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Toll-like Receptors and Their Crosstalk with Other Innate Receptors in Infection and Immunity
Taro Kawai,Shizuo Akira +1 more
TL;DR: The role played by TLRs in mounting protective immune responses against infection and their crosstalk with other PRRs with respect to pathogen recognition is focused on.
Journal ArticleDOI
Toll-like receptor signaling pathways.
Takumi Kawasaki,Taro Kawai +1 more
TL;DR: Recent progress is described in the understanding of TLR signaling regulation and its contributions to host defense.
Journal ArticleDOI
Pathogen Recognition by the Innate Immune System
TL;DR: In this review, a comprehensively review the recent progress in the field of PAMP recognition by PRRs and the signaling pathways activated byPRRs.
References
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Cutting Edge: The Immunostimulatory Activity of the Lung Surfactant Protein-A Involves Toll-Like
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the molecular mechanisms related to the immunostimulatory activity of collectin surfactant protein-A using macrophages from C3H/HeJ mice, which carry an inactivating mutation in the Toll-like receptor (TLR)4 gene, and TLR4-transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells.
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PDLIM2-mediated termination of transcription factor NF-kappaB activation by intranuclear sequestration and degradation of the p65 subunit.
TL;DR: It is reported that PDLIM2 negatively regulated NF-κB activity, acting as a nuclear ubiquitin E3 ligase targeting the p65 subunit of NF-σB, which resulted in larger amounts of nuclear p65, defective p65 ubiquitination and augmented production of proinflammatory cytokines in response to innate stimuli.
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Cathepsin K-Dependent Toll-Like Receptor 9 Signaling Revealed in Experimental Arthritis
Masataka Asagiri,Toshitake Hirai,Toshihiro Kunigami,Shunya Kamano,Shunya Kamano,Hans-Jürgen Gober,Kazuo Okamoto,Keizo Nishikawa,Eicke Latz,Douglas T. Golenbock,Kazuhiro Aoki,Keiichi Ohya,Yuuki Imai,Yuuki Imai,Yasuyuki Morishita,Kohei Miyazono,Shigeaki Kato,Shigeaki Kato,Paul Saftig,Hiroshi Takayanagi +19 more
TL;DR: It is shown that inhibition of cathepsin K could potently suppress autoimmune inflammation of the joints as well as osteoclastic bone resorption in autoimmune arthritis and mice were resistant to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
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Cutting Edge: The Immunostimulatory Activity of the Lung Surfactant Protein-A Involves Toll-Like Receptor 4
Loïc Guillot,Viviane Balloy,Francis X. McCormack,Douglas T. Golenbock,Michel Chignard,Mustapha Si-Tahar +5 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that SP-A-induced activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway and up-regulation of cytokine synthesis such as TNF-α and IL-10 are critically dependent on the TLR4 functional complex.
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The E3 ubiquitin ligase Nrdp1 'preferentially' promotes TLR-mediated production of type I interferon
TL;DR: Nrdp1, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, inhibited the production of proinflammatory cytokines but increased interferon-β production in Toll-like receptor–triggered macrophages by suppressing adaptor MyD88–dependent activation of transcription factors NF-κB and AP-1 while promoting activation of the kinase TBK1 and transcription factor IRF3.