Journal ArticleDOI
The role of pattern-recognition receptors in innate immunity: update on Toll-like receptors
Taro Kawai,Shizuo Akira +1 more
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TLDR
Recent advances that have been made by research into the role of TLR biology in host defense and disease are described.Abstract:
The discovery of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) as components that recognize conserved structures in pathogens has greatly advanced understanding of how the body senses pathogen invasion, triggers innate immune responses and primes antigen-specific adaptive immunity. Although TLRs are critical for host defense, it has become apparent that loss of negative regulation of TLR signaling, as well as recognition of self molecules by TLRs, are strongly associated with the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, it is now clear that the interaction between TLRs and recently identified cytosolic innate immune sensors is crucial for mounting effective immune responses. Here we describe the recent advances that have been made by research into the role of TLR biology in host defense and disease.read more
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Antiviral Protein Viperin Promotes Toll-like Receptor 7- and Toll-like Receptor 9-Mediated Type I Interferon Production in Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells
Tatsuya Saitoh,Takashi Satoh,Naoki Yamamoto,Satoshi Uematsu,Osamu Takeuchi,Taro Kawai,Shizuo Akira +6 more
TL;DR: It is shown that the IFN-inducible antiviral protein Viperin promoted TLR7- and TLR9-mediated production of type I IFN by pDCs and mediates its antiviral function via the regulation of theTLR7 and TLr9-IRAK1 signaling axis in p DCs.
Journal ArticleDOI
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids critically regulate behaviour and gut microbiota development in adolescence and adulthood.
Ruairi C. Robertson,Clara Seira Oriach,Kiera Murphy,Gerard M. Moloney,John F. Cryan,Timothy G. Dinan,R. Paul Ross,Catherine Stanton,Catherine Stanton +8 more
TL;DR: In this article, the role of maternal and early-life n-3 PUFA intake on offspring gut microbiota development and subsequent interactions with central nervous system functioning and behavioural outcomes was investigated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Recognition of bacterial infection by innate immune sensors
TL;DR: Recent findings on bacterial recognition by Toll-like receptors and NLRs and the signaling pathways activated by these sensors are reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Discovery of a viral NLR homolog that inhibits the inflammasome
Sean M. Gregory,Beckley K. Davis,John A. West,Debra J. Taxman,Shu-ichi Matsuzawa,John C. Reed,Jenny P.-Y. Ting,Blossom Damania +7 more
TL;DR: The found that KSHV Orf63 is a viral homolog of human NLRP1, which suggests that modulation of NLR-mediated innate immunity is important for the lifelong persistence of herpesviruses.
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Vaccine adjuvants as potential cancer immunotherapeutics
TL;DR: Recently, combinations of such immunostimulatory or immunomodulatory adjuvants have shown superior efficacy over their singular use as mentioned in this paper, suggesting that seeking optimal combinations of the currently available or well-characterized adjvants may provide a better chance for the development of novel adjuants for cancer immunotherapy.
References
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Pathogen Recognition and Innate Immunity
TL;DR: New insights into innate immunity are changing the way the way the authors think about pathogenesis and the treatment of infectious diseases, allergy, and autoimmunity.
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Innate Immune Recognition
TL;DR: Microbial recognition by Toll-like receptors helps to direct adaptive immune responses to antigens derived from microbial pathogens to distinguish infectious nonself from noninfectious self.
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Toll-like receptors: critical proteins linking innate and acquired immunity.
TL;DR: Evidence is accumulating that the signaling pathways associated with each TLR are not identical and may, therefore, result in different biological responses.
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NF-κB-dependent induction of microRNA miR-146, an inhibitor targeted to signaling proteins of innate immune responses
TL;DR: A role is proposed for miR-146 in control of Toll-like receptor and cytokine signaling through a negative feedback regulation loop involving down-regulation of IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 and TNF receptor- associated factor 6 protein levels.
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The Inflammasomes: Guardians of the Body
TL;DR: The role of NLRs, and in particular the inflammasomes, in the recognition of microbial and danger components and the role they play in health and disease are discussed.