Journal ArticleDOI
The role of pattern-recognition receptors in innate immunity: update on Toll-like receptors
Taro Kawai,Shizuo Akira +1 more
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TLDR
Recent advances that have been made by research into the role of TLR biology in host defense and disease are described.Abstract:
The discovery of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) as components that recognize conserved structures in pathogens has greatly advanced understanding of how the body senses pathogen invasion, triggers innate immune responses and primes antigen-specific adaptive immunity. Although TLRs are critical for host defense, it has become apparent that loss of negative regulation of TLR signaling, as well as recognition of self molecules by TLRs, are strongly associated with the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, it is now clear that the interaction between TLRs and recently identified cytosolic innate immune sensors is crucial for mounting effective immune responses. Here we describe the recent advances that have been made by research into the role of TLR biology in host defense and disease.read more
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NF-κB signaling in inflammation
TL;DR: This review will discuss the activation and function of NF-κB in association with inflammatory diseases and highlight the development of therapeutic strategies based on NF-σB inhibition.
Journal ArticleDOI
The origin, transmission and clinical therapies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak - an update on the status.
Yan Rong Guo,Qing Dong Cao,Zhong Si Hong,Yuan Yang Tan,Shoudeng Chen,Hong Jun Jin,Kai Sen Tan,De Yun Wang,Yan Yan +8 more
TL;DR: The latest research progress of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 are summarized, and the current treatment and scientific advancements to combat the epidemic novel coronavirus are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Toll-like Receptors and Their Crosstalk with Other Innate Receptors in Infection and Immunity
Taro Kawai,Shizuo Akira +1 more
TL;DR: The role played by TLRs in mounting protective immune responses against infection and their crosstalk with other PRRs with respect to pathogen recognition is focused on.
Journal ArticleDOI
Toll-like receptor signaling pathways.
Takumi Kawasaki,Taro Kawai +1 more
TL;DR: Recent progress is described in the understanding of TLR signaling regulation and its contributions to host defense.
Journal ArticleDOI
Pathogen Recognition by the Innate Immune System
TL;DR: In this review, a comprehensively review the recent progress in the field of PAMP recognition by PRRs and the signaling pathways activated byPRRs.
References
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DAI (DLM-1/ZBP1) is a cytosolic DNA sensor and an activator of innate immune response
Akinori Takaoka,ZhiChao Wang,Myoung Kwon Choi,Hideyuki Yanai,Hideo Negishi,Tatsuma Ban,Yan Lu,Makoto Miyagishi,Tatsuhiko Kodama,Kenya Honda,Yusuke Ohba,Tadatsugu Taniguchi +11 more
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Journal ArticleDOI
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TL;DR: Members of the Nod-like receptor family, including NLRP1, NLRP3 and NLRC4, and the adaptor ASC are critical components of the inflammasome that link microbial and endogenous 'danger' signals to caspase-1 activation.
Journal ArticleDOI
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Journal ArticleDOI
Regulation of lung injury and repair by Toll-like receptors and hyaluronan.
Dianhua Jiang,Jiurong Liang,Juan Fan,Shuang Yu,Suping Chen,Yi Luo,Glenn D. Prestwich,Marcella M. Mascarenhas,Hari G. Garg,Deborah A. Quinn,Robert J. Homer,Daniel R. Goldstein,Richard Bucala,Patty J. Lee,Ruslan Medzhitov,Paul W. Noble +15 more
TL;DR: It is reported that hyaluronan degradation products require MyD88 and both Toll-like receptor (TLR)4 and TLR2 in vitro and in vivo to initiate inflammatory responses in acute lung injury and epithelial cell apoptosis after lung injury.