Journal ArticleDOI
Tumor imaging using hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy
TLDR
This review highlights the most significant molecules investigated to date in preclinical cancer models, either in terms of their demonstrated metabolism in vivo or the biological processes that they can probe, and techniques to image these molecules are discussed.Abstract:
Dynamic nuclear polarization is an emerging technique for increasing the sensitivity of magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy, particularly for low-γ nuclei. The technique has been applied recently to a number of 13C-labeled cell metabolites in biological systems: the increase in signal-to-noise allows the spatial distribution of an injected molecule to be imaged as well as its metabolic product or products. This review highlights the most significant molecules investigated to date in preclinical cancer models, either in terms of their demonstrated metabolism in vivo or the biological processes that they can probe. In particular, label exchange between hyperpolarized 13C-labeled pyruvate and lactate, catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenase, has been shown to have a number of potential applications. Finally, techniques to image these molecules are also discussed as well as methods that may extend the lifetime of the hyperpolarized signal. Hyperpolarized magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging have shown great promise for the imaging of cancer in preclinical work, both for diagnosis and for monitoring therapy response. If the challenges in translating this technique to human imaging can be overcome, then it has the potential to significantly alter the management of cancer patients.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
The return of metabolism: biochemistry and physiology of the pentose phosphate pathway
Anna Stincone,Alessandro Prigione,Thorsten Cramer,Mirjam M.C. Wamelink,Kate Campbell,Eric Cheung,Viridiana Olin-Sandoval,Nana-Maria Grüning,Antje Krüger,Mohammad Tauqeer Alam,Markus A. Keller,Michael Breitenbach,Kevin M. Brindle,Joshua D. Rabinowitz,Markus Ralser,Markus Ralser +15 more
TL;DR: The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is a fundamental component of cellular metabolism as discussed by the authors, which shares reactions with the Entner-Doudoroff pathway and the Calvin cycle and divides into an oxidative and non-oxidative branch.
Journal ArticleDOI
Chemistry and biochemistry of 13C hyperpolarized magnetic resonance using dynamic nuclear polarization.
TL;DR: This review presents the basics of the DNP technique, identification of appropriate DNP substrates, and approaches to increase hyperpolarized signal lifetimes, and the biochemical events to which DNP-NMR has been applied.
Journal ArticleDOI
Understanding Metabolic Regulation and Its Influence on Cell Physiology
TL;DR: The diverse mechanisms cells use to adapt metabolism to specific physiological states are reviewed and how metabolic flux analyses can be applied to identify important regulatory nodes to understand normal and pathological cell physiology are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Microtesla SABRE Enables 10% Nitrogen-15 Nuclear Spin Polarization
Thomas Theis,Milton L. Truong,Aaron M. Coffey,Roman V. Shchepin,Kevin W. Waddell,Fan Shi,Boyd M. Goodson,Warren S. Warren,Eduard Y. Chekmenev +8 more
TL;DR: Parahydrogen is demonstrated to efficiently transfer its nuclear spin hyperpolarization to nitrogen-15 in pyridine and nicotinamide by conducting “signal amplification by reversible exchange” (SABRE) at microtesla fields within a magnetic shield, promising to be a simple, cost-effective way tohyperpolarize heteronuclei.
Journal ArticleDOI
Magnetic resonance imaging of tumor glycolysis using hyperpolarized 13C-labeled glucose
Tiago B. Rodrigues,Eva M. Serrao,Brett W. C. Kennedy,De-En Hu,Mikko I. Kettunen,Kevin M. Brindle +5 more
TL;DR: Monitoring glycolysis in mouse lymphoma and lung tumors by measuring the conversion of hyperpolarized [U-2H, U-13C]glucose to lactate using 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy and spectroscopic imaging found that labeled lactate was markedly decreased at 24 h after treatment with a chemotherapeutic drug.
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