XPG and XPF endonucleases trigger chromatin looping and DNA demethylation for accurate expression of activated genes.
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TLDR
It is demonstrated that XPG endonuclease promotes DNA breaks and DNA demethylation at promoters allowing the recruitment of CTCF and gene looping, which is further stabilized by XPF.About:
This article is published in Molecular Cell.The article was published on 2012-08-24 and is currently open access. It has received 109 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Nucleotide excision repair & Chromatin.read more
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The COSMIC Cancer Gene Census: describing genetic dysfunction across all human cancers
TL;DR: The 2018 Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) Cancer Gene Census (CGC) is discussed, an expert-curated description of human cancer genes, which has recently been expanded to include functional descriptions of how each gene contributes to cancer.
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Looping Back to Leap Forward: Transcription Enters a New Era
TL;DR: Progress in unraveling one of the outstanding mysteries of modern biology: the dynamic communication of remote enhancers with target promoters in the specification of cellular identity is reviewed.
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CTCF and cohesin: linking gene regulatory elements with their targets.
TL;DR: It is suggested that cohesin's association with enhancers, promoters, and sites defined by CTCF binding has the potential to form developmentally regulated networks of long-range interactions that reflect and promote cell-type-specific transcriptional programs.
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Breaking bad: R-loops and genome integrity
TL;DR: The regulation and effects of R-loops in cells, their effect on genomic and epigenomic stability, and their potential contribution to the origin of diseases including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders are discussed.
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Intragenic DNA methylation in transcriptional regulation, normal differentiation and cancer
TL;DR: The potential role of intragenic DNA methylation in alternative promoter usage, regulation of short and long non-coding RNAs, alternative RNA processing, as well as enhancer activity is discussed.
References
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Neuronal Activity–Induced Gadd45b Promotes Epigenetic DNA Demethylation and Adult Neurogenesis
Dengke K. Ma,Mi Hyeon Jang,Junjie U. Guo,Yasuji Kitabatake,Min Lin Chang,Nattapol Pow-anpongkul,Richard A. Flavell,Binfeng Lu,Guo Li Ming,Hongjun Song +9 more
TL;DR: Mechanistically, Gadd45b is required for activity-induced DNA demethylation of specific promoters and expression of corresponding genes critical for adult neurogenesis, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor and fibroblast growth factor.
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A Topoisomerase IIß-Mediated dsDNA Break Required for Regulated Transcription
Bong-Gun Ju,Victoria V. Lunyak,Valentina Perissi,Ivan Garcia-Bassets,David W. Rose,Christopher K. Glass,Michael G. Rosenfeld +6 more
TL;DR: It is reported that the signal-dependent activation of gene transcription by nuclear receptors and other classes of DNA binding transcription factors, including activating protein 1, requires DNA topoisomerase IIβ-dependent, transient, site-specific dsDNA break formation.
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Gadd45a promotes epigenetic gene activation by repair-mediated DNA demethylation
Guillermo Barreto,Andrea Schäfer,Joachim Marhold,Dirk Stach,Suresh Kumar Swaminathan,Vikas Handa,Gabi Döderlein,Nicole Maltry,Wei Wu,Wei Wu,Frank Lyko,Christof Niehrs +11 more
TL;DR: It is shown that Gadd45a (growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein 45 alpha), a nuclear protein involved in maintenance of genomic stability, DNA repair and suppression of cell growth, has a key role in active DNA demethylation.
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Signal transduction and the control of gene expression.
TL;DR: This work proposes an alternative grouping of eukaryotic transcription factors on the basis of characteristics that describe their roles within cellular regulatory circuits.
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A new progeroid syndrome reveals that genotoxic stress suppresses the somatotroph axis
Laura J. Niedernhofer,George A. Garinis,Anja Raams,Astrid S. Lalai,Andria Rasile Robinson,Esther Appeldoorn,Hanny Odijk,Roos Oostendorp,Anwaar Ahmad,Wibeke J. Van Leeuwen,Arjan F. Theil,Wim Vermeulen,Gijsbertus T. J. van der Horst,Peter Meinecke,Wim J. Kleijer,Jan Vijg,Nicolaas G. J. Jaspers,Jan H.J. Hoeijmakers +17 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that unrepaired cytotoxic DNA damage induces a highly conserved metabolic response mediated by the IGF1/insulin pathway, which re-allocates resources from growth to somatic preservation and life extension, and demonstrates that ageing and end-of-life fitness are determined both by stochastic damage and genetics.
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Laura J. Niedernhofer,George A. Garinis,Anja Raams,Astrid S. Lalai,Andria Rasile Robinson,Esther Appeldoorn,Hanny Odijk,Roos Oostendorp,Anwaar Ahmad,Wibeke J. Van Leeuwen,Arjan F. Theil,Wim Vermeulen,Gijsbertus T. J. van der Horst,Peter Meinecke,Wim J. Kleijer,Jan Vijg,Nicolaas G. J. Jaspers,Jan H.J. Hoeijmakers +17 more