Showing papers on "Conductivity published in 2021"
TL;DR: Zhang et al. as discussed by the authors constructed electrically conductive and zincophilic tin coating on separator to suppress dendrite initiation and eliminate the inevitably formed dendrites, achieving superior zinc morphologies and superior cycling stability at simultaneous high current densities and large cycling capacities.
Abstract: Stable plating/stripping of metal electrodes under high power and high capacity remains a great challenge. Tailoring the deposition behavior on the substrate could partly resolve dendrites’ formation, but it usually works only under low current densities and limited capacities. Here we turn to regulate the separator’s interfacial chemistry through tin coating with decent conductivity and excellent zincophilicity. The former homogenizes the electric field distribution for smooth zinc metal on the substrate, while the latter enables the concurrent zinc deposition on the separator with a face-to-face growth. Consequently, dendrite-free zinc morphologies and superior cycling stability are achieved at simultaneous high current densities and large cycling capacities (1000 h at 5 mA/cm2 for 5 mAh/cm2 and 500 h at 10 mA/cm2 for 10 mAh/cm2). Furthermore, the concept could be readily extended to sodium metal anodes, demonstrating the interfacial chemistry regulation of separator is a promising route to circumvent the metal anode challenges. Zinc metal anodes suffer from severe dendrites’ growth. Herewith authors construct electrically conductive and zincophilic tin coating on separator to suppress dendrites initiation and eliminate the inevitably formed dendrites.
110 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a uniform conjugated polymer nanocoating formed on the surface of ceramic oxide particles builds pathways for Li+ conduction between adjacent particles in the unsintered ceramics.
Abstract: Li+-conductive ceramic oxide electrolytes, such as garnet-structured Li7La3Zr2O12, have been considered as promising candidates for realizing the next-generation solid-state Li-metal batteries with high energy density. Practically, the ceramic pellets sintered at elevated temperatures are often provided with high stiffness yet low fracture toughness, making them too brittle for the manufacture of thin-film electrolytes and strain-involved operation of solid-state batteries. The ceramic powder, though provided with ductility, does not yield satisfactorily high Li+ conductivity due to poor ion conduction at the boundaries of ceramic particles. Here we show, with solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, that a uniform conjugated polymer nanocoating formed on the surface of ceramic oxide particles builds pathways for Li+ conduction between adjacent particles in the unsintered ceramics. A tape-casted thin-film electrolyte (thickness: <10 μm), prepared from the polymer-coated ceramic particles, exhibits sufficient ionic conductivity, a high Li+ transference number, and a broad electrochemical window to enable stable cycling of symmetric Li/Li cells and all-solid-state rechargeable Li-metal cells.
99 citations
98 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a 30 μm sulfide SE membrane with ultrahigh room temperature conductivity of 8.4 mS cm-1 is realized by mechanized manufacturing technologies using highly conductive Li5.4PS4.4Cl1.6 SE powder.
Abstract: All-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) employing Li-metal anode, sulfide solid electrolyte (SE) can deliver high energy density with high safety. The thick SE separator and its low ionic conductivity are two major challenges. Herein, a 30 μm sulfide SE membrane with ultrahigh room temperature conductivity of 8.4 mS cm-1 is realized by mechanized manufacturing technologies using highly conductive Li5.4PS4.4Cl1.6 SE powder. Moreover, a 400 nm magnetron sputtered Al2O3 interlayer is introduced into the SE/Li interface to improve the anodic stability, which suppresses the short circuit in Li/Li symmetric cells. Combining these merits, ASSLBs with LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 as the cathode exhibit a stable cyclic performance, delivering a discharge specific capacity of 135.3 mAh g-1 (1.4 mAh cm-2) with a retention of 80.2% after 150 cycles and an average Coulombic efficiency over 99.5%. The high ionic conductivity SE membrane and interface design principle show promising feasible strategies for practical high performance ASSLBs.
95 citations
TL;DR: Li2ZrCl6 as discussed by the authors is a cost-effective and humidity-tolerant chloride solid electrolyte, which has a room-temperature all-solid-state cell with a stable specific capacity of about 150 mAh g/1 for 200 cycles at 200mA g/g/1.
Abstract: Li-ion-conducting chloride solid electrolytes receive considerable attention due to their physicochemical characteristics such as high ionic conductivity, deformability and oxidative stability. However, the raw materials are expensive, and large-scale use of this class of inorganic superionic conductors seems unlikely. Here, a cost-effective chloride solid electrolyte, Li2ZrCl6, is reported. Its raw materials are several orders of magnitude cheaper than those for the state-of-the-art chloride solid electrolytes, but high ionic conductivity (0.81 mS cm–1 at room temperature), deformability, and compatibility with 4V-class cathodes are still simultaneously achieved in Li2ZrCl6. Moreover, Li2ZrCl6 demonstrates a humidity tolerance with no sign of moisture uptake or conductivity degradation after exposure to an atmosphere with 5% relative humidity. By combining Li2ZrCl6 with the Li-In anode and the single-crystal LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 cathode, we report a room-temperature all-solid-state cell with a stable specific capacity of about 150 mAh g–1 for 200 cycles at 200 mA g–1. Stable inorganic solid electrolytes are instrumental in developing high-voltage Li metal batteries. Here, the authors present the synthesis and electrochemical energy storage properties of a cost-effective and humidity-tolerant chloride solid electrolyte.
81 citations
TL;DR: In this article, hydrogen doping and polymer adsorption at the oxide surface of liquid metal microparticles increase the conductivity and viscoplastic behaviour of the oxide, leading to liquid-metal-based printed circuits with stable resistance up to 500% strain.
Abstract: Conductive and stretchable electrodes that can be printed directly on a stretchable substrate have drawn extensive attention for wearable electronics and electronic skins. Printable inks that contain liquid metal are strong candidates for these applications, but the insulating oxide skin that forms around the liquid metal particles limits their conductivity. This study reveals that hydrogen doping introduced by ultrasonication in the presence of aliphatic polymers makes the oxide skin highly conductive and deformable. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atom probe tomography confirmed the hydrogen doping, and first-principles calculations were used to rationalize the obtained conductivity. The printed circuit lines show a metallic conductivity (25,000 S cm–1), excellent electromechanical decoupling at a 500% uniaxial stretching, mechanical resistance to scratches and long-term stability in wide ranges of temperature and humidity. The self-passivation of the printed lines allows the direct printing of three-dimensional circuit lines and double-layer planar coils that are used as stretchable inductive strain sensors. Hydrogen doping and polymer adsorption at the oxide surface of liquid metal microparticles increase the conductivity and viscoplastic behaviour of the oxide, leading to liquid-metal-based printed circuits with stable resistance up to 500% strain.
77 citations
TL;DR: The integrated strategy proposed by this work can guide both the preparation of highly conductive solid electrolyte and compatible interface design to boost practical high energy density all solid‐state lithium metal battery.
Abstract: Solid-state lithium battery promises highly safe electrochemical energy storage. Conductivity of solid electrolyte and compatibility of electrolyte/electrode interface are two keys to dominate the electrochemical performance of all solid-state battery. By in situ polymerizing poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate within self-supported three-dimensional porous Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 framework, the as-assembled solid-state battery employing 4.5 V LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 cathode and Li metal anode demonstrates a high Coulombic efficiency exceeding 99% at room temperature. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance results reveal that Li+ migrates fast along the continuous Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 phase and Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3/polymer interfacial phase to generate a fantastic conductivity of 2.0 × 10-4 S cm-1 at room temperature, which is 56 times higher than that of pristine poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate. Meanwhile, the in situ polymerized poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate can not only integrate the loose interfacial contact but also protect Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 from being reduced by lithium metal. As a consequence of the compatible solid-solid contact, the interfacial resistance decreases significantly by a factor of 40 times, resolving the notorious interfacial issue effectively. The integrated strategy proposed by this work can thereby guide both the preparation of highly conductive solid electrolyte and compatible interface design to boost practical high energy density all solid-state lithium metal battery.
77 citations
TL;DR: The PSS-PPy/Ni-Co-P/CF self-supporting electrode was easily synthesized by electrodeposition and chemical deposition at room temperature as discussed by the authors.
77 citations
72 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a co-solvent-in-deep eutectic solvent (DES) system was developed by mixing water and acetonitrile with a typical DES electrolyte consisting of acetamide and lithium perchlorate.
70 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a free-standing covalent organic framework membrane (TpPa-SO 3 H) with excellent stability and mechanical properties was designed for high salinity gradient energy conversion.
Abstract: Both high ionic conductivity and selectivity of a membrane are required for efficient salinity gradient energy conversion. An efficient method to improve energy conversion is to align ionic transport along the membrane thickness to address low ionic conductivity in traditional membranes used for energy harvesting. Here, we fabricate a free-standing covalent organic frameworks membrane (TpPa-SO 3 H) with excellent stability and mechanical properties. This membrane with one-dimensional nanochannels and high charge density demonstrates high ionic conductivity and selectivity. Its power density can reach up to 5.9 W/m 2 by mixing artificial seawater and river water. Based on our results, we propose that the high energy conversion is attributed to the high ion conductivity through aligned one-dimensional nanochannels and high ion selectivity via the size of the nanochannel at ~1 nm in the membrane. This study paves the way for designing covalent organic framework membranes for high salinity gradient energy conversion.
TL;DR: In this paper, a new multifunctional filler for reinforcing polymer electrolytes was proposed to improve the lithium ion conductivity of solid electrolyte at room temperature and improve the interface between the electrode and the electrolyte.
TL;DR: In this article, a hexagonal perovskite-related oxide Ba7Nb3.9Mo1.1O20.05, 5.8 × 10−4 S cm−1, is reported to have high oxide-ion conductivity.
Abstract: Oxide-ion conductors are important in various applications such as solid-oxide fuel cells. Although zirconia-based materials are widely utilized, there remains a strong motivation to discover electrolyte materials with higher conductivity that lowers the working temperature of fuel cells, reducing cost. Oxide-ion conductors with hexagonal perovskite related structures are rare. Herein, we report oxide-ion conductors based on a hexagonal perovskite-related oxide Ba7Nb4MoO20. Ba7Nb3.9Mo1.1O20.05 shows a wide stability range and predominantly oxide-ion conduction in an oxygen partial pressure range from 2 × 10−26 to 1 atm at 600 °C. Surprisingly, bulk conductivity of Ba7Nb3.9Mo1.1O20.05, 5.8 × 10−4 S cm−1, is remarkably high at 310 °C, and higher than Bi2O3- and zirconia-based materials. The high conductivity of Ba7Nb3.9Mo1.1O20.05 is attributable to the interstitial-O5 oxygen site, providing two-dimensional oxide-ion O1−O5 interstitialcy diffusion through lattice-O1 and interstitial-O5 sites in the oxygen-deficient layer, and low activation energy for oxide-ion conductivity. Present findings demonstrate the ability of hexagonal perovskite related oxides as superior oxide-ion conductors. Oxide-ion conductors are important in various applications for clean energy. Here, authors report high oxide-ion conductivity of hexagonal perovskite-related oxide Ba7Nb3.9Mo1.1O20.05, which is ascribed to the interstitialcy diffusion and low activation energy for oxide-ion conductivity.
TL;DR: In this article, a 4 M Zn(BF4)2-based electrolyte with a low freezing point (−122 °C) and high ion conductivity was developed for AZIBs.
Abstract: The freezing of aqueous electrolytes severely limits the operation of aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) in low-temperature conditions owing to the terrible ion conductivity and interface kinetics Here, a 4 M Zn(BF4)2 electrolyte with a low freezing point (−122 °C) and high ion conductivity (147 mS cm−1 at −70 °C) is developed for AZIBs Comprehensive analyses, including spectroscopic measurement and theoretical calculation, demonstrate that introducing BF4− anions can break the hydrogen-bond networks in original water molecules by the formation of OH⋯F hydrogen bonds, resulting in an ultralow freezing point The 4 M Zn(BF4)2-based electrolyte enables the Zn//tetrachlorobenzoquinone (TCBQ) battery to exhibit excellent electrochemical performance in the wide temperature range of 25 to −95 °C, achieving a high discharge capacity of 635 mA h g−1 and energy density of 762 W h kg−1 at a record-breaking temperature of −95 °C This work provides a simple and green strategy to design high-performance AZIBs at low-temperature conditions
TL;DR: A semiconductor-ionic heterostructure of perovskite Ba 0.5Sr0.5Fe 0.2O3-δ (BSFSb) and fluorite structure Sm 0.8Sb0.2Ce0.
Abstract: Structural doping is often used to prepare materials with high oxygen-ion conductivity and electrocatalytic function, but its wider application in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) is still a major challenge. Here, a novel approach to developing materials with fast ionic conduction and high electrocatalytic activity is reported. A semiconductor-ionic heterostructure of perovskite Ba0.5Sr0.5Fe0.8Sb0.2O3-δ (BSFSb) and fluorite structure Sm0.2Ce0.8O2-δ (SDC) is developed. The BSFSb-SDC heterostructure exhibits a high ionic conductivity >0.1 S cm−1 (vs 0.01 S cm−1 of SDC) and achieves a remarkable fuel cell performance (>1000 mWcm−2) at 550 °C. It was found that the BSFSb-SDC has both electrolyte and electrode (cathode) functions with enhanced ionic transport and electrocatalytic activity simultaneously. When using BSFSb-SDC as an electrolyte, the interface energy-band reconstruction and charge transfer at particle level forming a built-in electric field (BIEF) and it make electronic confinement. The BIEF originates from the potential gradient due to differences in the electron density of BSFSb and SDC particles/grains facilitates ionic conduction at the interface of the BSFSb and SDC particles. This work provides a new insight in designing functional materials with high ionic conductivity and electrocatalytic function, which can be used both for energy conversion and storage device.
TL;DR: In this article, the synthesis of high temperature proton conductors based on zirconium phosphate and imidazolium-based ionic liquids was reported for fuel cells.
TL;DR: In this article, the latest developments in popular coatings were reviewed from the perspective of corrosion resistance, conductivity and contact angle of metal BPPs in Proton Exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) environments.
TL;DR: In this paper, B-site deficient yttrium and iron co-doped strontium titanate composites have been prepared and their physical properties were investigated in details.
TL;DR: In this article, solid state reaction technique was employed to fabricate oxygen sensors based on Y, Cr co-doped CaZrO3, and the efficacy of Cr-dopant on the features of Y0.08Ca0.92Zr1-xCrxO3-δ was systematically investigated.
TL;DR: In this article, the ionic/electronic conductivity of various pyrochlore structure materials (titanates, zirconates, hafnates, stannates, niobates, ruthenates, and tantalite-based) as electrolyte and electrode materials for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are reported.
TL;DR: In this paper, a new strategy using Li+ non-conducting fillers like CeO2 nanowires, is proposed to construct a Li+ fast conducting network through SPEs.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a hybrid cooling method that combines micro-channel and high-conductivity methods to improve cooling efficiency and mechanical strength of electronic components, which is a combination of microchannel and HCS methods.
Abstract: The efficiency of electronic equipment is the cornerstone of technology development. Thermal conditions significantly affect the performance of electronic components. Moreover, mechanical strength, size, and mass are the parameters that impose some limitations. Thus, they should be considered in the high tech industry. Therefore, it is needed to examine both mechanical and thermal behaviors simultaneously. Microchannel and inserted high-conductivity materials are two usual cooling approaches. To improve cooling efficiency and mechanical strength, a new method named Hybrid is introduced here. This method is a combination of microchannel and high-conductivity methods. In this study, the consumed energy, the conductivity ratio of the material with high conductivity, peak temperature, and maximum Von Mises stress have been investigated and analyzed. For the hybrid method, the peak temperature and stress were minimized regarding the volume of high-conductivity change in the tangential direction of the duct. The results showed that the tangential hybrid method could decrease the peak temperature and peak Von Mises stress, up to 40% and 34% in comparison to the microchannel and high-conductivity inserts method.
TL;DR: In this paper, dual modified superionic conductors were proposed for all-solid-state batteries employing sulfide superionic materials. But they require new electrolyte materials with excellent Li-ion transport properties.
Abstract: All-solid-state batteries employing sulfide superionic conductors demand new electrolyte materials with excellent Li-ion transport properties. We report on dual-modified superionic conductors in th...
TL;DR: In this paper, a novel Li+ conductor based on carbon quantum dots (CQDs) is fabricated via the pyrolysis of poly(lithium 4-styrene sulfonate) and citric acid.
TL;DR: Li et al. as discussed by the authors proposed a novel lithium superionic conductor of Li7Sb0.05P2.5I0.95S10.5 as solid-state glass-ceramics electrolytes obtained by an annealing treatment in a solid state reaction route.
TL;DR: In this paper, a polyvinyl alcohol-based gel-type electrolyte with methanesulfonic acid is used to connect the polyaniline surface with the electrolyte.
TL;DR: In this article, a composite electrolyte membrane incorporating commercial submicron Li6.75La3Zr1.75Ta0.25O12 (LLZTO) is prepared by solvent-free hot rolling method.
TL;DR: The studies in this work demonstrate that the hybrid electrolytes are a new kind of semiconductors, exhibiting promising application in organic electronics.
Abstract: An organic-inorganic hybrid electrolyte based on a cyclic Ti-oxo cluster as the inorganic core and naphthalene-based organic ammonium bromide salts as the electrolyte was developed with easy synthesis and low cost. The new hybrid electrolyte exhibits excellent solubility in methanol, aligned work function, good conductivity, and amorphous state in thin film, enabling its successful application as a cathode interlayer in organic solar cells with a high power conversion efficiency of 17.19 %. This work demonstrates that the hybrid electrolytes are a new kind of semiconductor, exhibiting promising applications in organic electronics.