Showing papers on "Conscientiousness published in 2018"
TL;DR: In this article, a self-administered questionnaire was employed to gather data from 295 consumers purposively and subsequently analyzed using covariance-based structural equation modeling (SEM) for predicting the consumer's green hotel visit intention.
304 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors synthesized studies investigating the relationships between resilience and Big Five personality traits and aimed to investigate how the relationships vary according to the two types of resiliency, psychological resilience and ego-resiliency.
238 citations
TL;DR: Results showed a small gender effect favoring females and a positive association between problematic Facebook use, time spent online and Internet addiction, whereas a negative association was found with self-esteem.
208 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the Big Five personality traits and self-efficacy independently relate to a multitude of outcomes across domains of functioning, and three conceptual models of influence on academic performance of college students over a semester.
182 citations
TL;DR: This study is one of only two studies to examine the addictive use of Instagram and the underlying factors related to it and shows that self-liking partially mediated the relationship of Instagram addiction with agreeableness and fully mediated the relationships between Instagram addiction and conscientiousness.
Abstract: Background and aims Recent research has suggested that social networking site use can be addictive. Although extensive research has been carried out on potential addiction to social networking sites, such as Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, and Tinder, only one very small study has previously examined potential addiction to Instagram. Consequently, the objectives of this study were to examine the relationships between personality, self-liking, daily Internet use, and Instagram addiction, as well as exploring the mediating role of self-liking between personality and Instagram addiction using path analysis. Methods A total of 752 university students completed a self-report survey, including the Instagram Addiction Scale (IAS), the Big Five Inventory (BFI), and the Self-Liking Scale. Results Results indicated that agreeableness, conscientiousness, and self-liking were negatively associated with Instagram addiction, whereas daily Internet use was positively associated with Instagram addiction. The results also showed that self-liking partially mediated the relationship of Instagram addiction with agreeableness and fully mediated the relationship between Instagram addiction with conscientiousness. Discussion and conclusions This study contributes to the small body of literature that has examined the relationship between personality and social networking site addiction and is one of only two studies to examine the addictive use of Instagram and the underlying factors related to it.
171 citations
TL;DR: Openness to experience emerged as the only reliably predicted personality factor and was derived from a principal components analysis of the Neuroticism/Extraversion/Openness Five-Factor Inventory factor scores, thereby reducing noise and enhancing the precision of these measures of personality.
Abstract: Personality neuroscience aims to find associations between brain measures and personality traits. Findings to date have been severely limited by a number of factors, including small sample size and omission of out-of-sample prediction. We capitalized on the recent availability of a large database, together with the emergence of specific criteria for best practices in neuroimaging studies of individual differences. We analyzed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from 884 young healthy adults in the Human Connectome Project database. We attempted to predict personality traits from the “Big Five,” as assessed with the Neuroticism/Extraversion/Openness Five-Factor Inventory test, using individual functional connectivity matrices. After regressing out potential confounds (such as age, sex, handedness, and fluid intelligence), we used a cross-validated framework, together with test-retest replication (across two sessions of resting-state fMRI for each subject), to quantify how well the neuroimaging data could predict each of the five personality factors. We tested three different (published) denoising strategies for the fMRI data, two intersubject alignment and brain parcellation schemes, and three different linear models for prediction. As measurement noise is known to moderate statistical relationships, we performed final prediction analyses using average connectivity across both imaging sessions (1 hr of data), with the analysis pipeline that yielded the highest predictability overall. Across all results (test/retest; three denoising strategies; two alignment schemes; three models), Openness to experience emerged as the only reliably predicted personality factor. Using the full hour of resting-state data and the best pipeline, we could predict Openness to experience (NEOFAC_O: r=.24, R^2=.024) almost as well as we could predict the score on a 24-item intelligence test (PMAT24_A_CR: r=.26, R^2=.044). Other factors (Extraversion, Neuroticism, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness) yielded weaker predictions across results that were not statistically significant under permutation testing. We also derived two superordinate personality factors (“α” and “β”) from a principal components analysis of the Neuroticism/Extraversion/Openness Five-Factor Inventory factor scores, thereby reducing noise and enhancing the precision of these measures of personality. We could account for 5% of the variance in the β superordinate factor (r=.27, R^2=.050), which loads highly on Openness to experience. We conclude with a discussion of the potential for predicting personality from neuroimaging data and make specific recommendations for the field.
135 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that eye movements during an everyday task predict aspects of the authors' personality, and new relations between previously neglected eye movement characteristics and personality are revealed.
Abstract: Besides allowing us to perceive our surroundings, eye movements are also a window into our mind and a rich source of information on who we are, how we feel, and what we do. Here we show that eye movements during an everyday task predict aspects of our personality. We tracked eye movements of 42 participants while they ran an errand on a university campus and subsequently assessed their personality traits using well-established questionnaires. Using a state-of-the-art machine learning method and a rich set of features encoding different eye movement characteristics, we were able to reliably predict four of the Big Five personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness) as well as perceptual curiosity only from eye movements. Further analysis revealed new relations between previously neglected eye movement characteristics and personality. Our findings demonstrate a considerable influence of personality on everyday eye movement control, thereby complementing earlier studies in laboratory settings. Improving automatic recognition and interpretation of human social signals is an important endeavor, enabling innovative design of human–computer systems capable of sensing spontaneous natural user behavior to facilitate efficient interaction and personalization.
126 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a conceptual model was proposed and empirically examined to explain how personality traits affect innovativeness among individuals and satisfaction with life perceptions (subjective wellbeing) in a study of 613 students enrolled in different executive, master and PhD level programs in different universities of Pakistan.
119 citations
110 citations
TL;DR: Findings from genetic studies of personality have furthered the understanding about the genetic etiology of personality, which, like neuropsychiatric diseases themselves, is highly polygenic.
Abstract: Personality traits are the relatively enduring patterns of thoughts, feelings and behaviors that reflect the tendency to respond in certain ways under certain circumstances. Twin and family studies have showed that personality traits are moderately heritable, and can predict various lifetime outcomes, including psychopathology. The Research Domain Criteria characterizes psychiatric diseases as extremes of normal tendencies, including specific personality traits. This implies that heritable variation in personality traits, such as neuroticism, would share a common genetic basis with psychiatric diseases, such as major depressive disorder. Despite considerable efforts over the past several decades, the genetic variants that influence personality are only beginning to be identified. We review these recent and increasingly rapid developments, which focus on the assessment of personality via several commonly used personality questionnaires in healthy human subjects. Study designs covered include twin, linkage, candidate gene association studies, genome-wide association studies and polygenic analyses. Findings from genetic studies of personality have furthered our understanding about the genetic etiology of personality, which, like neuropsychiatric diseases themselves, is highly polygenic. Polygenic analyses have showed genetic correlations between personality and psychopathology, confirming that genetic studies of personality can help to elucidate the etiology of several neuropsychiatric diseases.
110 citations
TL;DR: Individual differences in personality change were small but significant until old age and were most pronounced in emerging adulthood and decreased throughout midlife and old age for Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, and Agreeableness.
Abstract: Objective: A precise and comprehensive description of personality continuity and change across the lifespan is the bedrock upon which theories of personality development are built. Little research has quantified the degree to which individuals deviate from mean-level developmental trends. In this study, we addressed this gap by examining individual differences in personality trait change across the life span.
Method: Data came from a nationally representative sample of 9,636 Dutch participants who provided Big Five self-reports at five assessment waves across 7 years. We divided our sample into fourteen age groups (ages 16-84 at initial measurement) and estimated latent growth curve models to describe individual differences in personality change across the study period for each trait and age group.
Results: Across the adult lifespan, individual differences in personality change were small but significant until old age. For openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, and agreeableness, individual differences in change were most pronounced in emerging adulthood and decreased throughout midlife and old age. For emotional stability, individual differences in change were relatively consistent across the lifespan.
Conclusions: These results inform theories of lifespan development and provide future directions for research on the causes and conditions of personality change. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
TL;DR: There are individual differences between vegetarians and meat eaters in socio-demographic, personality traits, and political attitudes, and health-related variables.
TL;DR: The results suggest that different information dissemination campaigns are needed to persuade consumers to adopt AV technology, and emotional stability and openness to experience were positive predictors of Eagerness to Adopt AV, whereas conscientiousness was a negative predictor.
Abstract: Autonomous vehicles (AVs) hold considerable promise for maintaining aging adults' mobility as they develop impairments in driving skill. Nonetheless, attitudes can be a significant barrier to adoption as has been shown for other technologies. We investigated how different introductions to AV, video with a driver in the front seat, the rear seat, and a written description, affected attitudes, as well as how individual difference variables such as age, gender, prior knowledge, and personality traits predict attitudes within a middle-aged (Median age = 34, IQR = 20, n = 441) Amazon Mechanical Turk sample. The 16-item attitude survey uncovered three factors: Concern with AV, Eagerness to Adopt AV technology, and Willingness to Relinquish Driving Control. ANOVAs showed that only age (younger less concerned) and gender, (females more concerned) were significant factors in Concern with AV. Only gender affected Willingness to Relinquish Driving Control, with males more willing. Multiple regressions that included previous knowledge level and personality traits showed a different pattern. Female gender and greater conscientiousness were associated with greater Concern about AV. Prior knowledge of AV was associated with less concern. Emotional stability and openness to experience were positive predictors of Eagerness to Adopt AV, whereas conscientiousness was a negative predictor. Prior knowledge and openness to experience, positively, and extraversion, negatively, were associated with being willing to relinquish driving control. These results suggest that different information dissemination campaigns are needed to persuade consumers to adopt AV technology. We discuss potential approaches.
TL;DR: The present study compares the personality profiles of several addictions, representing both substance (drugs and alcohol) and behavioral (gambling and sex) subtypes, and suggests that different addictions may, to some extent, stem from distinct processes that are involved in personality development.
TL;DR: Mean effect sizes from 100 separate meta-analyses provided evidence that personality relates to theoretically predicted components of sexuality and sexual health, and less robust evidence indicated that extraversion related negatively, and neuroticism positively, to child sexual abuse, and that openness related negatively to homophobic attitudes.
Abstract: This meta-analytic review addresses whether the major dimensions of trait personality relate to components of human sexuality. A comprehensive literature search identified 137 studies that met inclusion criteria (761 effect sizes; total n = 420,595). Pooled mean effects were computed using inverse-variance weighted random effects meta-analysis. Mean effect sizes from 100 separate meta-analyses provided evidence that personality relates to theoretically predicted components of sexuality and sexual health. Neuroticism was positively related to sexual dissatisfaction (r+ = .18), negative emotions (r+ = .42), and symptoms of sexual dysfunction (r+ = .16). Extraversion was positively related to sexual activity (r+ = .17) and risky sexual behavior (r+ = .18), and negatively related to symptoms of sexual dysfunction (r+ = -.17). Openness was positively related to homosexual orientation (r+ = .16) and liberal attitudes toward sex (r+ = .19). Agreeableness and conscientiousness were negatively related to sexually aggressive behavior (r+ = -.20; r+ = -.14) and sexual infidelity (r+ = -.18; r+ = -.17). Less robust evidence indicated that extraversion related negatively, and neuroticism positively, to child sexual abuse, and that openness related negatively to homophobic attitudes. Random effects metaregression identified age, gender, and study quality as important moderators of pooled mean effects. These findings might be of interest to health care professionals developing health care services that aim to promote sexually healthy societies. (PsycINFO Database Record
TL;DR: The constructs grit and conscientiousness are closely connected and this relationship has not been analysed while accounting for the complex structure of conscientiousness and the multifaceted structure of grit.
Abstract: The constructs grit and conscientiousness are closely connected However, this relationship has not been analysed while accounting for the complex structure of conscientiousness and the multifacete
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined teleworkers' job satisfaction related to the use of and satisfaction with a variety of communication channels and workers' personality type and found that extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness are positively correlated with job satisfaction.
Abstract: This study examines teleworkers’ job satisfaction related to the use of and satisfaction with a variety of communication channels and workers’ personality type US teleworkers (N = 384) completed an online survey and self-reported on dimensions of communication channel satisfaction, job satisfaction, and personality Results indicated that extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness are positively correlated with job satisfaction Additionally, significant moderating effects were found for the relationship between openness and phone and video communication, and agreeableness and phone communication on job satisfaction Findings from this study yield important practical implications for organizations including suggestions for optimizing communication satisfaction for employees of differing personality types and recommendations to help organizations effectively hire and retain teleworkers
TL;DR: Extraverts are more likely to seek connections, whereas agreeable individuals receive connections from others, and openness predicts network diversity and is marginally related to position when groups pursue collective goals.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated grit's incremental validity for school achievement above theoretically and empirically related predictors, in two adolescent student samples from Germany and found that the grit subscales added little explanatory power.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the relationship between autonomy, workload and work-life balance on job performance among secondary school teachers in Alor Setar, Kedah, Malaysia.
Abstract: The purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between autonomy, workload and work-life balance on job performance among secondary school teachers in Alor Setar, Kedah. A total of 302 teachers are participated in the study. Regression analyses were used to test the hypotheses. Based on the explanatory
factor analysis result, the independent variables for autonomy are control over
methods, control at work and control over timing, workload and Work Personal Life
Enhancement (WPLE) and Work Interference with Personal Life (WIPL) for worklife balance while dependent variables are sportsmanship, task performance, courtesy, altruism and conscientiousness. The results showed that control over methods of autonomy was found to have a positive relationship with task
performance, altruism and conscientiousness of job performance. Control at work reportedly has significant relationship with courtesy but negatively with sportsmanship of job performance while control over timing had significant but negative relation with sportsmanship, courtesy and conscientiousness. Moreover, it was found that workload also has a positive relationship with task performance and
courtesy. Further, for work-life balance dimension, Work Interference with personal
life (WIPL) found out to have significant but negative relationship with sportsmanship of job performance while Work Personal Life Enhancement (WPLE) have significant relationship with three out of five job performance dimension which is courtesy, altruism and conscientiousness. Limitations of the study, suggestions for future research, theoretical and practical implication were also highlighted
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TL;DR: In this paper, a logistic regression approach was used for the analysis of nested data in cheating paradigms, and the results showed a medium to large effect of HH (odds ratio = 0.53), which was independent of other personality, situational, or demographic variables.
Abstract: Previous research has established that higher levels of trait Honesty-Humility (HH) are associated with less dishonest behavior
in cheating paradigms. However, only imprecise effect size estimates of this HH-cheating link are available. Moreover, evidence
is inconclusive on whether other basic personality traits from the HEXACO or Big Five models are associated with unethical
decision making and whether such effects have incremental validity beyond HH. We address these issues in a highly powered
reanalysis of 16 studies assessing dishonest behavior in an incentivized, one-shot cheating paradigm (N = 5,002). For this
purpose, we rely on a newly developed logistic regression approach for the analysis of nested data in cheating paradigms. We
also test theoretically derived interactions of HH with other basic personality traits (i.e., Emotionality and Conscientiousness)
and situational factors (i.e., the baseline probability of observing a favorable outcome) as well as the incremental validity of HH
over demographic characteristics. The results show a medium to large effect of HH (odds ratio = 0.53), which was independent
of other personality, situational, or demographic variables. Only one other trait (Big Five Agreeableness) was associated with
unethical decision making, although it failed to show any incremental validity beyond HH.
TL;DR: This study is the first to examine how personality traits are related to interdependence and network convergence, which fuel continuance intention of online gamers, and finds that extraversion and openness are positively related tointerdependenceand network convergence.
TL;DR: The study of the correlations between CT, self-efficacy and the several dimensions from the ‘Big Five’ model of human personality, which corroborate the existence of a non-cognitive side of CT that should be taken into account by educational policies and interventions aimed at fostering CT.
TL;DR: This paper recognizes an individual's personality traits by analyzing brain waves when he or she watches emotional materials and demonstrates the advantage of personality inference from EEG signals over state-of theart explicit behavioral indicators in terms of classification accuracy.
Abstract: The stable relationship between personality and EEG ensures the feasibility of personality inference from brain activities. In this paper, we recognize an individual's personality traits by analyzing brain waves when he or she watches emotional materials. Thirty-seven participants took part in this study and watched 7 standardized film clips that characterize real-life emotional experiences and target seven discrete emotions. Features extracted from EEG signals and subjective ratings enter the SVM classifier as inputs to predict five dimensions of personality traits. Our model achieves better classification performance for Extraversion (81.08 percent), Agreeableness (86.11 percent), and Conscientiousness (80.56 percent) when positive emotions are elicited than negative ones, higher classification accuracies for Neuroticism (78.38-81.08 percent) when negative emotions, except disgust, are evoked than positive emotions, and the highest classification accuracy for Openness (83.78 percent) when a disgusting film clip is presented. Additionally, the introduction of features from subjective ratings increases not only classification accuracy in all five personality traits (ranging from 0.43 percent for Conscientiousness to 6.3 percent for Neuroticism) but also the discriminative power of the classification accuracies between five personality traits in each category of emotion. These results demonstrate the advantage of personality inference from EEG signals over state-of-the-art explicit behavioral indicators in terms of classification accuracy.
TL;DR: The goal of the present study was to create a measure of Machiavellianism that is more in line with theory using an expert-derived profile based on the 30 facets of the five-factor model (FFM) and then test the validity of that measure by comparing it with relevant constructs.
Abstract: Machiavellianism is characterized by planfulness, the ability to delay gratification, and interpersonal antagonism (i.e., manipulativeness and callousness). Although its theoretically positive relations with facets of Conscientiousness should help distinguish Machiavellianism from psychopathy, current measurements of Machiavellianism are indistinguishable from those of psychopathy in large part because of their assessment of low Conscientiousness. The goal of the present study was to create a measure of Machiavellianism that is more in line with theory using an expert-derived profile based on the 30 facets of the five-factor model (FFM) and then test the validity of that measure by comparing it with relevant constructs. Previously collected expert ratings of the prototypical Machiavellian individual on FFM facets yielded a profile of 13 facets including low Agreeableness and high Conscientiousness. Items were written to represent each facet, resulting in a 201-item Five Factor Machiavellianism Inventory (FFMI). Across 2 studies, with a total of 710 participants recruited via Mechanical Turk, the FFMI was reduced to its final 52-item form and was shown to relate as expected to measures of Big Five personality traits, current Machiavellianism measures, psychopathy, narcissism, ambition, and impulsivity. The FFMI is a promising alternative Machiavellianism measure. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the short form of Smartphone Addiction Scale and examined the relationship between smartphone addiction and the use of various smartphone applications and found that Neuroticism, openness and conscientiousness predict the risk for smartphone addiction negatively.
TL;DR: This study examined trajectories of Big Five personality development in the 5 years before and after retirement and found significant individual differences in development across the transition to retirement for each personality trait but could not identify any moderators that accounted for these individual differences.
Abstract: In this study, we examined trajectories of Big Five personality development in the 5 years before and after retirement. Our sample was composed of 690 retirees (ages 51-81) and a propensity-score matched comparison group of 532 nonretirees drawn from a nationally representative longitudinal study of the Netherlands. Participants contributed data across a maximum of 6 measurement waves over a period of 7 years. In the month after retirement, participants experienced sudden increases in openness and agreeableness followed by gradual declines in these traits over the next 5 years. Emotional stability increased before and after retirement. The transition to retirement was not associated with changes in conscientiousness or extraversion. Further, we found significant individual differences in development across the transition to retirement for each personality trait but could not identify any moderators that accounted for these individual differences. These results contribute to our understanding of personality development in older adulthood as well as the temporal dynamics of personality change in response to major life events. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
TL;DR: The study highlights the importance of personality traits for understanding predispositions to engage in problematic smartphone use and regression models indicated that narrow traits provide modest incremental prediction of problematic use.
TL;DR: Choi et al. as mentioned in this paper examined the mediating effects of career adaptability on the relation between personality traits and intrapreneurship, and found that career adaptivity completely mediated the relationship between intrapreneurship and both openness and conscientiousness from the Big Five personality dimensions.
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to discover the antecedents of intrapreneurship. Based on career construction theory and prior personality studies, this study examined the mediating effects of career adaptability on the relation between personality traits and intrapreneurship.,A cross-sectional survey was conducted using employees from four Korean companies. The hypothesized research model was tested with 473 data using structural equation modeling. The bootstrap procedure and the phantom model approach were also employed to thoroughly examine the indirect effects of personality traits on intrapreneurship via career adaptability.,The results demonstrated that career adaptability mediated the overall relation between personality traits and intrapreneurship. Career adaptability completely mediated the relation between intrapreneurship and both openness and conscientiousness from the Big Five personality dimensions. Regarding extraversion, the mediating effects of career adaptability were not supported by the results, but the direct effects were found to be significant.,These findings offer new insights into the intrapreneurial talents required of employees in organizations. The application of the identified direct or indirect impact of personality traits through career adaptability may help human resource managers to select and foster potential intrapreneurs and facilitate career coaches in understanding employees’ assets and obstacles in developing intrapreneurial competencies.,This is the first empirical study to explore the mechanism between personality traits and intrapreneurship by examining the mediating role of career adaptability in the workplace and thereby this study contributes to bridging the gap of different research domains between intrapreneurship and career adaptability.