Showing papers on "Energy source published in 2022"

Energy sources assessment in Jordan

Abstract: Energy and energy security represent the strategic goal of the various countries of the world because of the importance of energy in fulfilling the needs of life. Energy consumption forms are considered active research topics these days with the aim of rationalizing energy consumption as much as possible. Energy sources are also a problem as they are not available in an equal manner to meet the need in the countries of the world. From here a deep looking after the energy sources and the alternatives become of great importance. In this study, investigation about energy sources and alternatives in Jordan, with the aim of taking a sufficient idea of what is available in Jordan from the sources and alternatives. Jordan is depending on the imported oil from the neighborhood countries by 95% of the total needs of the energy generation. The energy needs in Jordan increased by 5% annually on average were some times more than 5% as the energy needs increase in 2019 by 8.5% compared to 2018. This work highlight an assessment of the energy sources in Jordan with the aim of exploring the ways to enhance the energy situation in Jordan by adopting renewable energy with the energy systems in Jordan. The work also proposes some solutions to the energy problem from switching to energy-saving buildings and benefiting from the energy lost sources Finally, it emphasizes the importance of confronting climate change to preserve the environment. • This work analyses energy sources in Jordan and studies ways to improve their use and diversify their sources. • This work highlight the sources of strength and opportunities as well as weaknesses and threats facing the energy in Jordan. • The rate of increase in energy demand in Jordan is 5% annually and is still rising. • Solar and wind energy are among the most important renewable energy sources available in Jordan. • The use of energy-saving devices is one of the most important reasons to conserve energy.

Proposed System Based on a Three-Level Boost Converter to Mitigate Voltage Imbalance in Photovoltaic Power Generation Systems

Abstract: Voltage imbalance poses a challenge to photovoltaic systems. A modular structure based on a three-level boost converter is proposed to address this problem. The three-level boost converter offers advantages, such as a low current ripple and voltage stress, over a classic boost converter. These advantages offset the use of additional elements in the proposed converter circuit. Two capacitors are used to enable the innovative connection between multiple sources and the three-level boost converter. The second capacitor of the first module is shared with the first capacitor of the second module. This structure is used in conjunction with a controller to balance the voltages in the system. The operating modes of the two-module system in a nominal case are introduced. The controller is based on an indirect sliding model, wherein the input current of each energy source and the output voltage balance are considered. The performance of the current and voltage controllers are studied in two scenarios. The first case involves increasing the reference current and the presence of four sliding surfaces related to the current control and voltage balance, whereas the second case involves the presence and absence of two sliding surfaces related to the voltage balance. The dynamic response of this controller is also compared with the Proportional Integral(PI) controller. Large-signal modeling of the two-module system and the accuracy of this model in two cases of radiation change and panel temperature change is investigated. The robustness of the system is investigated using this large-signal model in two cases that involve changing the inductors and capacitors of the system. A topology consisting of two conventional boost converters is chosen to compare energy stored and efficiency with the proposed topology. The capacitance of the system is calculatedfor two topologies. The energy stored in the two systems is compared. The two-module system is simulated using Simulink MATLAB software. The simulation and experimental results validate the proposed system.

Laser-based hybrid micromachining processes: A review

Abstract: Laser beam micromachining is a prominent method for micromachining applications. But it has some drawbacks like thermal stresses, uncontrolled dimensions, burrs, and spatter. Similarly, non-conventional processes like ECM, EDM, and conventional machining processes, namely turning, drilling and milling, also have limitations due to slow process and tooling costs. Researchers are continuously seeking hybrid machining, like laser-based hybrid machining methods, to improve the product's quality characteristics. Researchers have thoroughly investigated the laser-based hybrid process mechanism in the last decade and have identified different issues and control strategies to improve its performance. This paper reviews laser-based hybrid micromachining processes (LHMMP) in which LBM is combined with conventional processes and non-conventional processes in an assisted or sequential manner. Also, other energy sources assisting the laser beam machining process, viz. vibration, magnetic field, electric field, fluids, and gases, are reviewed in the current work. This paper summarizes the work performed on metals, non-metals and ceramics in the area of the LHMMP to create 3D micro features. Theoretical and experimental studies, mechanisms of machining, machining setups, and the impact of process parameters on laser-based hybrid micromachining techniques are reviewed in detail. The hybrid processes elevate the process efficiency, surface quality, tooling cost and precision of fabricated parts. In the last section of this paper, future development efforts needed in this area of laser-based hybrid machining are suggested to multiply the process utility.

Energy transition in Brazil: Is there a role for multilevel governance in a centralized energy regime?

Abstract: Energy transition requires systematic changes, not only to energy technologies but also to the broader political, social, environmental, and economic assemblages that are built around energy production and consumption. Changes in the energy supply and the shift toward renewable energy resources cannot be comprehensively understood without considering the implications of spatial and policy dimensions. This study examined the subnational energy transition in Sao Paulo state, Brazil, and discusses the role of policies and governance in energy transition. The historical series of energy production and consumption of Sao Paulo state were analyzed from 1980 to 2019, and the institutional frameworks that promoted energy transition were also explored. The results show that the effective final consumption of each energy source in the analyzed period (40 years) increased. Despite the increasing proportion of renewable energies (particularly ethanol), fossil fuel consumption grew in this period, which shows a tendency of addition rather than a thorough energy transition. Furthermore, energy governance remains largely dependent on a centralized approach in Brazil. Although there is a growing debate regarding the role of decentralized solutions, energy policy and regulation are still not considered to be the responsibilities of local governments. Cross-sectoral cooperation focused on territorially oriented solutions can improve spatial order by integrating local level capabilities into multilevel governance for energy transition.

Biomass Energy in Malaysia: Current Scenario, Policies, and Implementation Challenges

Abstract: The energy demand in Malaysia has shown a dramatic increase over the last few years: with natural gas and coal being the primary contributors. Nevertheless, due to declining in fossil fuel reserves coupled with negative environmental impacts, shifting to sustainable renewable energy for meeting the future energy demand is recommended. Since Malaysia is rich with natural resources, utilization of biomass energy (bioenergy/biofuel) as the alternative energy is promising to be further explored. Therefore, this review paper intents to discuss the current scenario of different types of biomass energy in Malaysia along with the up-to-date local biomass energy–related environmental policy (from 2016 onwards). In addition, challenges and barriers for large-scale implementation of the biomass energy in Malaysia are to be discussed. Overall, this review paper is interesting as it can assist in promoting the biomass utilization as energy source, and to ensure the future growth of biomass energy market in the country along with its effective implementation while alleviating poor disposal problem and to create job employment opportunities. Furthermore, a collective effort to expand potential biomass feedstocks, apart from oil palm, should be emphasized to encourage the renewable energy production diversification in the nation.

Generating alternative fuel and bioplastics from medical plastic waste and waste frying oil using microwave co-pyrolysis combined with microbial fermentation

Abstract: In the present study, microwave co-pyrolysis (MCP) was used to simultaneously convert medical plastic waste (MPW) and waste frying oil (WFO) into liquid oil products. The MCP process demonstrated a faster heating rate (24 °C/min) and shorter process time (20 min) compared to conventional pyrolysis techniques converting MPW and WFO into liquid oil (≥80 wt%). The MCP reduced the oxygen content from 25.7 to 9.82 wt% in liquid oil encompassing light aliphatic hydrocarbons ranging from C10 to C28, generating a novel sustainable liquid fuel. The liquid having a high carbon content (approximately 77.1 wt%) and low carbon to nitrogen ratio (27.9) is a suitable energy feedstock for polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) bioplastic production in the form of poly3-hydroxybutyrate [P(3HB)]. The liquid oil acted as an energy source for the growth of Bacillus sp. During microbial fermentation, yielding approximately 11% (w/w) P(3HB). Bioplastics are biodegradable, biocompatible with humans and non-toxic to marine organisms, representing a valuable additive in the production of cosmetics, detergents, and as medical scaffolds for tissue engineering. The results indicate the promising upcycling of waste products by this approach through pyrolytic biorefinery into value-added fuel and bioplastic products, being important for the future sustainable production of renewable resources.