Showing papers on "Systems architecture published in 2016"

Digital Design And Computer Architecture

Abstract: Thank you for downloading digital design and computer architecture. As you may know, people have search numerous times for their chosen novels like this digital design and computer architecture, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some infectious virus inside their laptop. digital design and computer architecture is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our digital library hosts in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the digital design and computer architecture is universally compatible with any devices to read.

A Simulation-Based Architecture for Smart Cyber-Physical Systems

Abstract: In order to accurately predict future states of a smart cyber-physical system, which can change its behavior to a large degree in response to environmental influences, the existence of precise models of the system and its surroundings is demandable. In machine engineering, ultra-high fidelity simulations have been developed to better understand both constraints in system design and possible consequences of external influences during the system's operation. These digital twins enable further applications in software design for complex cyber-physical systems as online planning methods can utilize good simulations to continuously optimize the system behavior, yielding a software architecture framework based on the information flow between the cyber-physical system, its physical environment and the digital twin model.

An Overview on Networked Music Performance Technologies

Abstract: Networked music performance (NMP) is a potential game changer among Internet applications, as it aims at revolutionizing the traditional concept of musical interaction by enabling remote musicians to interact and perform together through a telecommunication network. Ensuring realistic performance conditions, however, constitutes a significant engineering challenge due to the extremely strict requirements in terms of network delay and audio quality, which are needed to maintain a stable tempo, a satisfying synchronicity between performers and, more generally, a high-quality interaction experience. In this paper, we offer a review of the psycho-perceptual studies conducted in the past decade, aimed at identifying latency tolerance thresholds for synchronous real-time musical performance. We also provide an overview of hardware/software enabling technologies for NMP, with a particular emphasis on system architecture paradigms, networking configurations, and applications to real use cases.

A security-and quality-aware system architecture for Internet of Things

Abstract: Internet of Things (IoT) is characterized, at the system level, by high diversity with respect to enabling technologies and supported services. IoT also assumes to deal with a huge amount of heterogeneous data generated by devices, transmitted by the underpinning infrastructure and processed to support value-added services. In order to provide users with valuable output, the IoT architecture should guarantee the suitability and trustworthiness of the processed data. This is a major requirement of such systems in order to guarantee robustness and reliability at the service level. In this paper, we introduce a novel IoT architecture able to support security, privacy and data quality guarantees, thereby effectively boosting the diffusion of IoT services.

Software-Defined Device-to-Device (D2D) Communications in Virtual Wireless Networks With Imperfect Network State Information (NSI)

Abstract: Software-defined networking (SDN) and network function virtualization (NFV) are a promising system architecture and control mechanism for future networks. Although some works have been done on wireless SDN and NFV, recent advancements in device-to-device (D2D) communications are largely ignored in this novel framework. In this paper, we study the integration of D2D communication in the framework of SDN and NFV. An inherent challenge in supporting software-defined D2D is the imperfectness of network state information, including channel state information (CSI) and queuing state information, in virtual wireless (QSI) networks. To address this challenge, we formulate the resource sharing problem in this framework as a discrete stochastic optimization problem and develop discrete stochastic approximation algorithms to solve this problem. Such algorithms can reduce the computational complexity compared with exhaustive search while achieving satisfactory performance. Both the static wireless channel and time-varying channels are considered. Extensive simulations show that users can benefit from both wireless network virtualization and software-defined D2D communications, and our proposed scheme can achieve considerable performance gains in both system throughput and user utility under practical network settings.

An IoT-Based Online Monitoring System for Continuous Steel Casting

Abstract: Monitoring solutions using the Internet of Things (IoT) techniques, can continuously gather sensory data, such as temperature and pressure, and provide abundant information for a monitoring center. Nevertheless, the heterogeneous and massive data bring significant challenges to real-time monitoring and decision making, particularly in time-sensitive industrial environments. This paper presents an online monitoring system based on an IoT system architecture which is composed of four layers: 1) sensing; 2) network; 3) service resource; and 4) application layers. It integrates various data processing techniques including protocol conversion, data filtering, and data conversion. The proposed system has been implemented and demonstrated through a real continuous steel casting production line, and integrated with the TeamCenter platform. Results indicate that the proposed solution well addresses the challenge of heterogeneous data and multiple communication protocols in real-world industrial environments.

AEROSTACK: An architecture and open-source software framework for aerial robotics

Abstract: To simplify the usage of the Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS), extending their use to a great number of applications, fully autonomous operation is needed. There are many open-source architecture frameworks for UAS that claim the autonomous operation of UAS, but they still have two main open issues: (1) level of autonomy, being in most of the cases limited and (2) versatility, being most of them designed specifically for some applications or aerial platforms. As a response to these needs and issues, this paper presents Aerostack, a system architecture and open-source multi-purpose software framework for autonomous multi-UAS operation. To provide higher degrees of autonomy, Aerostack's system architecture integrates state of the art concepts of intelligent, cognitive and social robotics, based on five layers: reactive, executive, deliberative, reflective, and social. To be a highly versatile practical solution, Aerostack's open-source software framework includes the main components to execute the architecture for fully autonomous missions of swarms of UAS; a collection of ready-to-use and flight proven modular components that can be reused by the users and developers; and compatibility with five well known aerial platforms, as well as a high number of sensors. Aerostack has been validated during three years by its successful use on many research projects, international competitions and exhibitions. To corroborate this fact, this paper also presents Aerostack carrying out a fictional fully autonomous indoors search and rescue mission.

A system of UAV application in indoor environment

Abstract: In recent years, there has been an increased demand in the use of multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in indoor environments such as material handling task in a manufacturing environment and plant/environment monitoring task in a greenhouse. However, there is a lack of work reported on this topic. This paper presents a detailed study on several UAV systems and UAV scheduling systems. It is followed by a proposed system of UAV application in indoor environment, which comprises components of UAV system addressed in detail; focused on scheduler as the heart of operations. Consequently, system architecture of UAV scheduling system is presented and the framework of scheduler component is included. Scheduler component works in a phased manner to provide a systematic abstraction and achieve an efficient computation time. This study serves as a reference guide for UAV application in indoor environment.

A Reference System Architecture for the Energy–Water Nexus

Abstract: The energy–water nexus has been studied predominantly through discussions of policy options supported by data surveys and technology considerations. As the degree of coupling between the energy and water systems is affected by the design and operation of various engineered system components, our understanding of the nexus and ability to tackle its associated challenges would be enhanced by a system-of-systems engineering model. Such a model, however, requires, first, the development of an appropriate system architecture that clearly identifies the relevant flows of matter and energy and the defining system parameters. This paper presents a reference system architecture for this purpose developed and presented with the Systems Modeling Language (SysML). Once instantiated, this architecture can serve three purposes. First, the presented graphical models can serve qualitative discussions on where and how the supply and demand of water and energy are interdependent. Second, within the operations timescale, the SysML models can support the development of automated information technology and control solutions that integrate energy and water management. Finally, at a planning timescale, the models can inform quantitative decisions on how to best grow and reconfigure the water, wastewater, and energy infrastructure.

The ON-TIME real-time railway traffic management framework: A proof-of-concept using a scalable standardised data communication architecture

Abstract: Automatic real-time control of traffic perturbations has recently become a central issue for many European railway infrastructure managers. The aim is to make use of mathematical algorithms to maintain the required service availability during unplanned disturbances to operations. In the literature many tools for real-time traffic control are proposed, but their effects on traffic have never been studied neither in real life nor in fully realistic simulation environments. We can mention only a few pilot tests and a unique installation in the Lotschberg Base tunnel in Switzerland, which uses a replanning framework that is generally applicable but does not consider a standard data communication format. Standardisation of railway data is instead one of the main requirements of the European Railway Traffic Management System (ERTMS) to enable traffic interoperability across different countries along the Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T). Following this direction, this paper introduces one of the outputs of the European project ON-TIME: a framework for the automatic real-time management of railway traffic, designed for being standard and interoperable across different European railways. We make use of a web-based Service-Oriented Architecture to ensure scalability and flexibility of application. A standard railML interface is used for the input/output data of the modules, allowing immediate applicability of the framework to any network having a railML representation. A proof-of-concept is provided where the framework is tested in a closed-loop with the simulation environment HERMES for perturbed traffic scenarios on different networks in the UK, the Netherlands and Sweden. Tests are performed for two different replanning algorithms (ROMA and RECIFE) used for the automatic detection and optimised resolution of train conflicts. The two algorithms are compared on the test case in Sweden. Results show that the design of the proposed framework is effective in managing traffic perturbations and is extendible to real-life systems.

A recommender system of reviewers and experts in reviewing problems

Abstract: In this study, we propose the architecture of a content-based recommender system aimed at the selection of reviewers (experts) to evaluate research proposals or articles. We introduce a comprehensive algorithmic framework supported by various techniques of information retrieval. We propose a well-rounded methodology that explores concepts of data, information, knowledge, and relations between them to support a formation of a suitable recommendation. In particular, the developed system helps collecting data characterizing potential reviewers, retrieving information from relational and unstructured data, and formulating a set of recommendations. The designed system architecture is modular from the functional perspective and hierarchical from the technical point of view. Each essential part of the system is treated as a separate module, whereas each layer supports a certain functionality of the system. The modularity of the architecture facilitates its maintainability. The process of information retrieval includes classification of publications, author disambiguation, keywords extraction, and full-text indexing, whereas recommendations are based on the combination of a cosine similarity between keywords and a full-text index. The proposed system has been verified through a case study run at the National Center for Research and Development, Warsaw, Poland.

A Reliable Open-Source System Architecture for the Fast Designing and Prototyping of Autonomous Multi-UAV Systems: Simulation and Experimentation

Abstract: During the process of design and development of an autonomous Multi-UAV System, two main problems appear. The first one is the difficulty of designing all the modules and behaviors of the aerial multi-robot system. The second one is the difficulty of having an autonomous prototype of the system for the developers that allows to test the performance of each module even in an early stage of the project. These two problems motivate this paper. A multipurpose system architecture for autonomous multi-UAV platforms is presented. This versatile system architecture can be used by the system designers as a template when developing their own systems. The proposed system architecture is general enough to be used in a wide range of applications, as demonstrated in the paper. This system architecture aims to be a reference for all designers. Additionally, to allow for the fast prototyping of autonomous multi-aerial systems, an Open Source framework based on the previously defined system architecture is introduced. It allows developers to have a flight proven multi-aerial system ready to use, so that they can test their algorithms even in an early stage of the project. The implementation of this framework, introduced in the paper with the name of "CVG Quadrotor Swarm", which has also the advantages of being modular and compatible with different aerial platforms, can be found at https://github.com/Vision4UAV/cvg_quadrotor_swarm with a consistent catalog of available modules. The good performance of this framework is demonstrated in the paper by choosing a basic instance of it and carrying out simulation and experimental tests whose results are summarized and discussed in this paper.

Trustworthy specifications of ARM® v8-A and v8-M system level architecture

Abstract: Processor specifications are of critical importance for verifying programs, compilers, operating systems/hypervisors, and, of course, for verifying microprocessors themselves. But to be useful, the scope of these specifications must be sufficient for the task, the specification must be applicable to processors of interest and the specification must be trustworthy. This paper describes a 5 year project to change ARM's existing architecture specification process so that machine-readable, executable specifications can be automatically generated from the same materials used to generate ARM's conventional architecture documentation. We have developed executable specifications of both ARM's A-class and M-class processor architectures that are complete enough and trustworthy enough that we have used them to formally verify ARM processors using bounded model checking. In particular, our specifications include the semantics of the most security sensitive parts of the processor: the memory and register protection mechanisms and the exception mechanisms that trigger transitions between different modes. Most importantly, we have applied a diverse set of methods including ARM's internal processor test suites to improve our trust in the specification using many other expressions of the architectural specification such as ARM's simulators, testsuites and processors to defend against common-mode failure. In the process, we have also found bugs in all those artifacts: testing specifications is very much a two-way street. While there have been previous specifications of ARM processors, their scope has excluded the system architecture, their applicability has excluded newer processors and M-class, and their trustworthiness has not been established as thoroughly. Our focus has been on enabling the formal verification of ARM processors but, recognising the value of this specification for verifying software, we are currently preparing a public release of the machine-readable specification.

IoT-based surveillance system for ubiquitous healthcare

Abstract: The last few years, significant advances which improve healthcare have been done in Internet of Things, in cloud computing, in video coding, and in mobile devices. This paper provides an overview of these advances. Also, we propose an IoT-based surveillance system for ubiquitous healthcare monitoring. The system consists of sensors, actuators, and cameras. Mesh topology was decided to be used as it provides important advantages. Moreover, the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) is used for the data compression and transferring, and the Scalable High-Efficiency Video Coding (SHVC) is used for the video compression and transferring. The SHVC can deliver the same video quality in half of the bit rate than the High-Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC). Furthermore, cloud services are provided, such as storage and real-time monitoring. Finally, we made a comparative analysis between our proposed system architecture and two other approaches. From this analysis, we can say that our system architecture has some benefits instead of other similar architectures. Also, we made an analysis of the bandwidth and the network throughput. The results are significant since the bandwidth required for the transmission of data and video is reduced.

Software Architecture Challenges and Emerging Research in Software-Intensive Systems-of-Systems

Abstract: Software-intensive systems are often independently developed, operated, managed, and evolved. Progressively, communication networks enabled these independent systems to interact, yielding a new kind of complex system, i.e. a system that is itself composed of systems, the so-called System-of-Systems (SoS). By its very nature, SoS is evolutionarily developed and exhibits emergent behavior.

Ontology-Based Architecture for Intelligent Transportation Systems Using a Traffic Sensor Network

Abstract: Intelligent transportation systems are a set of technological solutions used to improve the performance and safety of road transportation. A crucial element for the success of these systems is the exchange of information, not only between vehicles, but also among other components in the road infrastructure through different applications. One of the most important information sources in this kind of systems is sensors. Sensors can be within vehicles or as part of the infrastructure, such as bridges, roads or traffic signs. Sensors can provide information related to weather conditions and traffic situation, which is useful to improve the driving process. To facilitate the exchange of information between the different applications that use sensor data, a common framework of knowledge is needed to allow interoperability. In this paper an ontology-driven architecture to improve the driving environment through a traffic sensor network is proposed. The system performs different tasks automatically to increase driver safety and comfort using the information provided by the sensors.

An Architecture for the Interface to the Routing System

Abstract: This document describes the IETF architecture for a standard, programmatic interface for state transfer in and out of the Internet routing system. It describes the high-level architecture, the building blocks of this high-level architecture, and their interfaces, with particular focus on those to be standardized as part of the Interface to the Routing System (I2RS).

ICN based Architecture for IoT

Abstract: The Internet of Things (IoT) technology promises to connect billions of objects to Internet. Today, the IoT landscape is very fragmented from both the technology and service perspectives. As a consequence, it is difficult to integrate and cross-correlate data coming from the heterogeneous contexts and build value-added services on top. This reason has motivated the current trend to develop a unified de- fragmented IoT architecture so that objects can be made accessible to applications across organizations and domains. Several proposals have been made to build a unified IoT architecture as an overlay on top of today's Internet. Such overlay solutions, however, inherit the existing limitations of the IP protocol: mobility, security, scalability, and communication reliability. To address this problem, A unified IoT architecture based on the Information Centric Networking (ICN) architecture, which we call ICN-IoT [1] has been proposed. ICN- IoT leverages the salient features of ICN, and thus provides seamless device-to-device (D2D) communication, mobility support, scalability, and efficient content and service delivery. Furthermore, in order to guarantee the real diffusion of ICN-IoT architecture it is fundamental to deal with self-configuring features such as device onboarinding and discovery, service discovery, scalability, security and privacy requirements, content dissemmination since the IoT system will comprise of diverse applications with heterogenous requirements including connectivity, resource constraints and mobility. Towards this, the draft elaborates on a set of middleware functions to enable large operation of an ICN-IoT deployment. This draft begins by motivating the need for an unified ICN-IoT architecture to connect heterogeneous IoT systems. We then propose an ICN-IoT system architecture and middleware components which includes device/network- service discovery, naming service, IoT service discovery, data discovery, user registration, and content delivery. For all ...

SATT: Tailoring Code Metric Thresholds for Different Software Architectures

Abstract: Code metric analysis is a well-known approach for assessing the quality of a software system. However, current tools and techniques do not take the system architecture (e.g., MVC, Android) into account. This means that all classes are assessed similarly, regardless of their specific responsibilities. In this paper, we propose SATT (Software Architecture Tailored Thresholds), an approach that detects whether an architectural role is considerably different from others in the system in terms of code metrics, and provides a specific threshold for that role. We evaluated our approach on 2 different architectures (MVC and Android) in more than 400 projects. We also interviewed 6 experts in order to explain why some architectural roles are different from others. Our results shows that SATT can overcome issues that traditional approaches have, especially when some architectural role presents very different metric values than others.

Applications of WSN in agricultural environment monitoring systems

Abstract: The Wireless Sensors Network (WSN) is nowadays widely used to build decision support systems to solve many real-world problems. One of the most interesting fields having an increasing need of decision support systems is agricultural environment monitoring. Agricultural environment monitoring has become an important field of control and protection, providing real-time system and control communication with the physical world. An intelligent and smart WSN system can collect and process large amount of data from the beginning of the monitoring and manage air quality, soil conditions, to weather situations. The proposed system collects and monitors information related to the growth environment of crops outside and inside greenhouses using WSN sensors and CCTV cameras. The temperature and humidity sensors are developed in-house and both sensors are very reliable. Furthermore, the system allows automatic control of greenhouse environment remotely and thus improves the productivity of crops. This paper presents hardware architecture, system architecture and software process control of the agriculture environment monitoring system.

ECOSCALE: Reconfigurable computing and runtime system for future exascale systems

Abstract: In order to reach exascale performance, current HPC systems need to be improved. Simple hardware scaling is not a feasible solution due to the increasing utility costs and power consumption limitations. Apart from improvements in implementation technology, what is needed is to refine the HPC application development flow as well as the system architecture of future HPC systems. ECOSCALE tackles these challenges by proposing a scalable programming environment and architecture, aiming to substantially reduce energy consumption as well as data traffic and latency. ECOSCALE introduces a novel heterogeneous energy-efficient hierarchical architecture, as well as a hybrid many-core+OpenCL programming environment and runtime system. The ECOSCALE approach is hierarchical and is expected to scale well by partitioning the physical system into multiple independent Workers (i.e. compute nodes). Workers are interconnected in a tree-like fashion and define a contiguous global address space that can be viewed either as a set of partitions in a Partitioned Global Address Space (PGAS), or as a set of nodes hierarchically interconnected via an MPI protocol. To further increase energy efficiency, as well as to provide resilience, the Workers employ reconfigurable accelerators mapped into the virtual address space utilizing a dual stage System Memory Management Unit with coherent memory access. The architecture supports shared partitioned reconfigurable resources accessed by any Worker in a PGAS partition, as well as automated hardware synthesis of these resources from an OpenCL-based programming model.