다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

Countless millions of people have died from tuberculosis, a chronic infectious disease caused by the tubercle bacillus. The complete genome sequence of the best-characterized strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, H37Rv, has been determined and analysed in order to improve our understanding of the biology of this slow-growing pathogen and to help the conception of new prophylactic and therapeutic interventions. The genome comprises 4,411,529 base pairs, contains around 4,000 genes, and has a very high guanine + cytosine content that is reflected in the biased amino-acid content of the proteins. M. tuberculosis differs radically from other bacteria in that a very large portion of its coding capacity is devoted to the production of enzymes involved in lipogenesis and lipolysis, and to two new families of glycine-rich proteins with a repetitive structure that may represent a source of antigenic variation.

/pdf/deciphering-the-biology-of-mycobacterium-tuberculosis-from-56gdir9h56.pdf

Deciphering the biology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from the complete genome sequence

BackgroundExperimental and clinical data suggest that reducing inflammation without affecting lipid levels may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Yet, the inflammatory hypothesis of atherothrombosis has remained unproved. MethodsWe conducted a randomized, double-blind trial of canakinumab, a therapeutic monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin-1β, involving 10,061 patients with previous myocardial infarction and a high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level of 2 mg or more per liter. The trial compared three doses of canakinumab (50 mg, 150 mg, and 300 mg, administered subcutaneously every 3 months) with placebo. The primary efficacy end point was nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or cardiovascular death. ResultsAt 48 months, the median reduction from baseline in the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level was 26 percentage points greater in the group that received the 50-mg dose of canakinumab, 37 percentage points greater in the 150-mg group, and 41 percentage points greater in t...

https://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMoa1707914

Antiinflammatory Therapy with Canakinumab for Atherosclerotic Disease

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a ubiquitous environmental bacterium that is one of the top three causes of opportunistic human infections. A major factor in its prominence as a pathogen is its intrinsic resistance to antibiotics and disinfectants. Here we report the complete sequence of P. aeruginosa strain PAO1. At 6.3 million base pairs, this is the largest bacterial genome sequenced, and the sequence provides insights into the basis of the versatility and intrinsic drug resistance of P. aeruginosa. Consistent with its larger genome size and environmental adaptability, P. aeruginosa contains the highest proportion of regulatory genes observed for a bacterial genome and a large number of genes involved in the catabolism, transport and efflux of organic compounds as well as four potential chemotaxis systems. We propose that the size and complexity of the P. aeruginosa genome reflect an evolutionary adaptation permitting it to thrive in diverse environments and resist the effects of a variety of antimicrobial substances.

/pdf/complete-genome-sequence-of-pseudomonas-aeruginosa-pao1-an-u88d4e2n3p.pdf

Complete genome sequence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, an opportunistic pathogen.

https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(00)04403-2.pdf

Whole genome sequencing of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

An information acquisition program, information acquisition method and information acquisition device are provided which can complement information to be included in a document. This information acquisition program refers to storage units (121, 122) which store information specifying the position of specific data in a document on a site, and information specifying the position of other data having a prescribed relation with the aforementioned specific data in the document, and performs processing (133) on a computer (100) to acquire the specific data using the information specifying the position of the specific data in the document on the site. Further, this information acquisition program refers to storage units (121, 122) to perform processing (134) on a computer (100) to acquire the other data using the position in the document of the other data related to the specific data and, using the acquired other data, to acquire data having a prescribed relation with the other data.

Information acquisition program, information acquisition method and information acquisition device

High endurance non-volatile semiconductor memory for fully implantable retinal prosthesis

Development of a fully implantable retinal prosthesis with a three-dimensionally stacked large-scale integrated circuit

FePt nanodot with L10 face-centered-tetragonal (fct) structure has attracted considerable attention owing to its potentials for new applications including a high-density magnetic data storage and a novel nonvolatile memory which are produced by its high magnetocrystalline anisotropy. FePt nanodots dispersed in a SiO2 film (FePt nanodot film) were formed by a self-assembled nanodots deposition (SAND) method in which FePt and SiO2 are co-sputtered in a high-vacuum RF magnetron sputtering equipment. Furthermore, FePt nanodot film with a monolayer of FePt nanodots was formed by annealing at 800°C for 1 h, due to the agglomeration of FePt atoms diffused in SiO2 films. The electron holography was a powerful tool to study the single-domain FePt nanodots. In this study, not only the phenomenon of FePt diffusion was evaluated, but also the ferromagnetic phase of monolayer FePt nanodots was analysed by electron holography.

Magnetic characteristics of FePt nanodots formed by a self-assembled nanodot deposition method

Introduction Many researches have been developing medical treatments for brain diseases, analyzing brain functions, and so on. Then, various kinds of neural probes were developed and used for recording neuronal action potentials and other brain activities. Especially, a Si neural probe is one of the most important tools to analyze brain functions [1]. In this paper, we proposed a 3D-stacked Si neural probe array with multiple optical fibers for multiple optical stimulation and high density electical recording of neurons, as shown in Fig. 1. Direct optical stimulation is an effective method to realize a precise stimulation of neurons. Optical stimulation methods are roughlly classified into two categolies. One is stimulation with visible light. Another is stimulation with infrared light. In the case of visible light stimulation, the gene transfer technology was used, and neurons expressed a light sensitive channel protein such as Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2). The analyzing method using a light sensitive channel protein is called optogenetics. On the other hand, infrared neural stimulation has atracted much attentions for direct activation of nerves via the transient heating of water without any need for tissue modification. There are advantages and disadvantaes in both method [2]. Our proposed probe can activate neurons by both visible and infrared lights using optical fiber with external light sources. In addition, our probe has multiple optical stimulation sites and high density recording electrodes owing to 3D-stacking technology. This high density recording electrodes can realize three dimensional recording of neural actions. Fabrication As the Si neural probe was fabricated by micro and nano fabrication technologies used for LSI fabrication, it was possible to realize high density recording sites. First, SiO2 was deposited on both surfaces of the Si wafer [3]. Then, Au wire was formed by sputtering and wet etching. After passivation of the Au wire by SiO2, SiO2 was etched to form the hard mask for the trench etching. The optical fibers are set into this trench. Then, contact holes for the recording sites and I/O pads were formed. After that, the probe shape was formed by deep reactive ion etching (Deep RIE) from back surface of the Si wafer. Then, the probes were sharpened by anisotropic wet etching with TMAH. Finally, the optical fibers with a diameter of 30-um were embedded into the trench formed on the probes, and fixed with a UV curable resin.

Tetsu Tanaka

Papers

Information acquisition program, information acquisition method and information acquisition device

High endurance non-volatile semiconductor memory for fully implantable retinal prosthesis

Development of a fully implantable retinal prosthesis with a three-dimensionally stacked large-scale integrated circuit

Magnetic characteristics of FePt nanodots formed by a self-assembled nanodot deposition method

Development of 3D-Stacked Multi-Shank Si Neural Probe Array (1) - Fabrication of Embedded Multiple Optical Fibers in Multi-Shank -