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Countless millions of people have died from tuberculosis, a chronic infectious disease caused by the tubercle bacillus. The complete genome sequence of the best-characterized strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, H37Rv, has been determined and analysed in order to improve our understanding of the biology of this slow-growing pathogen and to help the conception of new prophylactic and therapeutic interventions. The genome comprises 4,411,529 base pairs, contains around 4,000 genes, and has a very high guanine + cytosine content that is reflected in the biased amino-acid content of the proteins. M. tuberculosis differs radically from other bacteria in that a very large portion of its coding capacity is devoted to the production of enzymes involved in lipogenesis and lipolysis, and to two new families of glycine-rich proteins with a repetitive structure that may represent a source of antigenic variation.

/pdf/deciphering-the-biology-of-mycobacterium-tuberculosis-from-56gdir9h56.pdf

Deciphering the biology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from the complete genome sequence

BackgroundExperimental and clinical data suggest that reducing inflammation without affecting lipid levels may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Yet, the inflammatory hypothesis of atherothrombosis has remained unproved. MethodsWe conducted a randomized, double-blind trial of canakinumab, a therapeutic monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin-1β, involving 10,061 patients with previous myocardial infarction and a high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level of 2 mg or more per liter. The trial compared three doses of canakinumab (50 mg, 150 mg, and 300 mg, administered subcutaneously every 3 months) with placebo. The primary efficacy end point was nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or cardiovascular death. ResultsAt 48 months, the median reduction from baseline in the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level was 26 percentage points greater in the group that received the 50-mg dose of canakinumab, 37 percentage points greater in the 150-mg group, and 41 percentage points greater in t...

https://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMoa1707914

Antiinflammatory Therapy with Canakinumab for Atherosclerotic Disease

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a ubiquitous environmental bacterium that is one of the top three causes of opportunistic human infections. A major factor in its prominence as a pathogen is its intrinsic resistance to antibiotics and disinfectants. Here we report the complete sequence of P. aeruginosa strain PAO1. At 6.3 million base pairs, this is the largest bacterial genome sequenced, and the sequence provides insights into the basis of the versatility and intrinsic drug resistance of P. aeruginosa. Consistent with its larger genome size and environmental adaptability, P. aeruginosa contains the highest proportion of regulatory genes observed for a bacterial genome and a large number of genes involved in the catabolism, transport and efflux of organic compounds as well as four potential chemotaxis systems. We propose that the size and complexity of the P. aeruginosa genome reflect an evolutionary adaptation permitting it to thrive in diverse environments and resist the effects of a variety of antimicrobial substances.

/pdf/complete-genome-sequence-of-pseudomonas-aeruginosa-pao1-an-u88d4e2n3p.pdf

Complete genome sequence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, an opportunistic pathogen.

https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(00)04403-2.pdf

Whole genome sequencing of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

To restore visual sensation of blind patients suffering from age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and retinitis pigmentosa (RP), retinal prostheses have been developed by several institutes. Since the retinal cells would be damaged by heating, the power consumption of the retinal prosthesis chip should be kept less than 19 mW/mm 2 . In this work, to reduce the power consumption of retinal prosthesis chip, effects of edge enhancement function implemented in retinal prosthesis chip were investigated in detail, and ultralow power operation of the chip was clearly demonstrated.

Ultralow Power Operation of 3-D Stacked Retinal Prosthesis Chip with Edge Enhancement Function

Comparison between quantitative flow ratio and fractional flow reserve in intermediate coronary stenosis

We propose a novel Cu spiral inductor with an FePt magnetic nanodot (MND) layer of FePt magnetic nanodots dispersed in SiO2 film by self-assembled nanodot desposition (SAND). We expected an increase in inductance by adopting an MND layer. Nanodot sizes ranging from 2.5 to 3.5 nm in diameter can be well controlled. By optimizing thermal annealing conditions, we formed an FePt MND film with an electromagnetic permeability of 7.7 for passive devices used in a standard radio-frequency integrated circuit (RFIC) process. The quality factors of various spiral inductors were simulated and compared with the measured quality factors of the Cu spiral inductors we fabricated. In addition, the high-frequency characteristics of Cu spiral inductors were successfully observed.

Characteristics of Copper Spiral Inductors Utilizing FePt Nanodot Films

1 Sumitomo Bakelite Co., Ltd., 20-7 Kiyohara Industrial Park, Utsunomiya 321-3231, Japan 2 Department of Bioengineering and Robotics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University 6-6-01 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan Phone: +81-22-795-6909, E-mail: ito@lbc.mech.tohoku.ac.jp 3 New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University 4 Deptartment of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University

Tetsu Tanaka

Papers

Ultralow Power Operation of 3-D Stacked Retinal Prosthesis Chip with Edge Enhancement Function

Comparison between quantitative flow ratio and fractional flow reserve in intermediate coronary stenosis

Characteristics of Copper Spiral Inductors Utilizing FePt Nanodot Films

Optoelectronic Heterogeneous Integration Tech. Using Reductant-assisited Self-Assembly with Cu/Sn Microbump

Through Silicon Photonic Via with Si core for Low loss and High Density Vertical Optical Interconnection in 3D-LSI