William F. Martin

TL;DR: To understand the biology and evolution of ruminants, the cattle genome was sequenced to about sevenfold coverage and provides a resource for understanding mammalian evolution and accelerating livestock genetic improvement for milk and meat production.

TL;DR: The findings support the essentiality of milk to the survival of mammalian neonates and the establishment of milk secretory mechanisms more than 160 million years ago and suggest that this diversity of milk protein composition across species is primarily due to other mechanisms.

TL;DR: The predigestion of milk proteins and the consequent release of antibacterial peptides may provide a selective advantage through evolution by protecting both the mother's mammary gland and her nursing offspring from infection.

TL;DR: The current state of glycopeptide assignment software-advances made to date are discussed, including issues that remain to be addressed, and various software and algorithms developed so far provide important insights into glycoproteomics.

TL;DR: Fifty-two N-linked glycan compositions were identified, and 24 were confirmed via tandem mass spectra analysis, and the majority (70%) of total N-glycan abundance was composed of N- glycans found in all three milk samples.