Aoyama Gakuin University

About: Aoyama Gakuin University is a education organization based out in Tokyo, Japan. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Superconductivity & Thin film. The organization has 3494 authors who have published 6419 publications receiving 115648 citations. The organization is also known as: Aoyama gakuin daigaku.

Data-Oriented Diagnostics of Pileup Effects on the Suzaku XIS

Abstract: We present the results of a systematic study of pileup phenomena seen in the X-ray Imaging Spectrometer, an X-ray CCD instrument, onboard the Suzaku observatory. Using a data set of observed sources in a wide range of brightness and spectral hardness, we characterized the pileup fraction, spectral hardening, and grade migration as a function of the observed count rate in a frame per pixel. Using the pileup fraction as a measure of the degree of pileup, we found that the relative spectral hardening (the hardness ratio normalized to the intrinsic spectral hardness), branching ratio of split events, and that of detached events increase monotonically as the pileup fraction increases, despite the variety of brightness and hardness of the sample sources. We derived the pileup fraction as a function of radius used for event extraction. Upon practical considerations, we found that events outside of the radius with a pileup fraction of 1% or 3% are useful for spectral analysis. We present relevant figures, tables, and software for the convenience of users who wish to apply our method for their data reduction of piled-up sources.

Regrets Of Action And Inaction Across Cultures

Abstract: When looking back on their lives, people in the United States tend to regret things they failed to do more than things they did. But is this tendency universal across cultures, or is it the product of the West's obsession with action and self-actualization? To address this question, the authors conducted five studies in three cultures thought to be less individualistic than the United States-China, Japan, and Russia. Respondents in all three cultures tended to regret-like their counterparts in the United States-inactions more than actions in the long term. Nor did the types of regrets reported by participants in these cultures-overwhelmingly involving the self exclusively rather than the social group-differ from the regrets reported by U.S. samples. These data support the universality of the tendency for inaction to generate greater long-term regret than action.

Self-Contained Photoacid Generator Triggered by Photocyclization of Triangle Terarylene Backbone

Abstract: We herein propose a new type of efficient neutral photoacid generator. A photoinduced 6π-electrocyclization reaction of photochromic triangle terarylenes triggers subsequent release of a Bronsted acid, which took place from the photocyclized form. A H-atom and its conjugate base were introduced at both sides of a 6π-system to form the self-contained photoacid generator. UV irradiation to the 6π-system produces a cyclohexa-1,3-diene part with a H-atom and a conjugate base on the sp3 C-atoms at 5- and 6-positions, respectively, which spontaneously release an acid molecule quantitatively forming a polyaromatic compound. A net quantum yield of photoacid generation as high as 0.52 under ambient conditions and a photoinitiated cationic polymerization of an epoxy monomer are demonstrated.