Cardiff University

About: Cardiff University is a education organization based out in Cardiff, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 34188 authors who have published 82643 publications receiving 3046531 citations. The organization is also known as: University of Cardiff & University College of South Wales and Monmouthshire.

Rising prevalence of multiple sclerosis worldwide: Insights from the Atlas of MS, third edition.

Abstract: Background:High-quality epidemiologic data worldwide are needed to improve our understanding of disease risk, support health policy to meet the diverse needs of people with multiple sclerosis (MS) ...

Molecular identification of prey in predator diets.

Abstract: In many situations prey choice by predators in the field cannot be established or quantified using direct observation. The remains of some prey may be visually identified in the guts and faeces of predators but not all predators ingest such hard remains and even those that do consume them may also ingest soft-bodies prey that leave no recognizable remnants. The result is, at best, a biased picture of prey choice. A range of molecular techniques and applications are reviewed that allow prey remains to be identified, often to the species and even stage level. These techniques, all of which are still in use, include enzyme electrophoresis, a range of immunological approaches using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to detect protein epitopes, and recently developed polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods for detecting prey DNA. Analyses may be postmortem, on invertebrate and vertebrate predators collected from the field, or noninvasive assays of the remains in regurgitated bird pellets or vertebrate faeces. It was concluded that although monoclonal antibodies are currently the most effective method in use today, PCR-based techniques have proved to be highly effective and versatile in recent laboratory trials and are likely to rapidly displace all other approaches.

Surgical system and method

Abstract: A surgical instrument comprises at least two elongate hollow tubes ( 14, 15 ), each having an aperture ( 18 ) at the distal end portion. The inner tube ( 14 ) is disposed within the other tube ( 15 ), and is mounted for rotation about its longitudinal axis. A cutting tool ( 4 ) is located at the distal end of the tube ( 14 ), and is positioned adjacent to the apertures ( 18 ). A motor ( 5 ) is provided for rotating the inner tube ( 14 ), and the inner tube ( 14 ) has a central lumen ( 21 ) through which tissue cut by the cutting tool ( 4 ) is removed under the action of a source of suction ( 12 ). Heat is supplied to the tissue, prior to, or simultaneously with, the cutting thereof, such that the tissue being cut by the cutting tool ( 4 ) is coagulated tissue. In one embodiment, there is a third tube ( 16 ), and saline is fed to the apertures ( 18 ) via a channel ( 19 ) between the tubes ( 15 ) and ( 16 ). The outer tube ( 16 ) constitutes an active electrode, and the inner tube ( 14 ) constitutes the return electrode of an electrosurgical device. A radio frequency signal, supplied to the electrosurgical device, causes tissue to be coagulated prior to being cut by the cutting tool ( 4 ), resulting in smaller pieces of cut tissue which are easier to remove through the lumen ( 21 ).